Propolis is a resinous substance composed of a mixture of different plant parts and molecules secreted by bees. Chemically, it is defined as a complex matrix containing biologically active molecules with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. It is widely employed in cosmetic formulations and pharmaceutical products and is one of the most widely used natural products. However, the effects and strength of these biological activities depend on the chemical profile and composition of each propolis type. This composition is associated with the diversity of local flora, the place and period of collection, and the genetics of the bees. In this context, the objective of this review was to investigate the biological, chemical, and microbiological properties of propolis. A technological prospection was also performed on patents for products designed to be used in animal health. Our investigation shows that the literature contains diverse studies dedicated to comparing and describing the composition and therapeutic properties of propolis. These studies demonstrate the potential biological use of propolis in veterinary medicine, showing the applications of propolis extracts in different formulations. However, there are a low number of propolis‐based veterinary products with a registered patent. Thus, the development of products based on propolis is a promising market to be exploited. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Identification of variants in the acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) gene in Pompe disease provides valuable insights and systematic overviews are needed. We report on the number, nature, frequency, and geographic distribution of GAA sequence variants listed in the Pompe Registry, a long‐term, observational program and the largest global repository of Pompe disease data. Variant information was reviewed and compared with publicly available GAA databases/resources. Among 1,079 eligible patients, 2,075 GAA variants (80 unique novel) were reported. Variants were listed by groups representing Pompe disease phenotypes. Patients were classified as Group A: Symptom onset ≤ 12 months of age with cardiomyopathy; Group B: Symptom onset ≤ 12 years of age (includes patients with symptom onset ≤ 12 months of age without cardiomyopathy); or Group C: Symptom onset > 12 years of age. Likely impact of novel variants was predicted using bioinformatics algorithms. Variants were classified by pathogenicity using ACMG guidelines. Data reported from the Pompe Registry provide new information about the distribution of GAA variants globally and across the clinical spectrum, add to the number and diversity of GAA variants registered in public databases through published data sharing, provide a first indication of the severity of novel variants, and assist in diagnostic practice and outcome prediction.

Background: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a group of neuromuscular disorders of heterogeneous genetic etiology with more than 30 directly related genes. LGMD is characterized by progressive muscle weakness involving the shoulder and pelvic girdles. An important differential diagnosis among patients presenting with proximal muscle weakness (PMW) is late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), a rare neuromuscular glycogen storage disorder, which often presents with early respiratory insufficiency in addition to PMW. Patients with PMW, with or without respiratory symptoms, were included in this study of Latin American patients to evaluate the profile of variants for the included genes related to LGMD recessive (R) and LOPD and the frequency of variants in each gene among this patient population. Results: Over 20 institutions across Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, and Chile) enrolled 2103 individuals during 2016 and 2017. Nine autosomal recessive LGMDs and Pompe disease were investigated in a 10gene panel (ANO5, CAPN3, DYSF, FKRP, GAA, SGCA, SGCB, SGCD, SGCG, TCAP) based on reported disease frequency in Latin America. Sequencing was performed with Illumina's NextSeq500 and variants were classified according to ACMG guidelines; pathogenic and likely pathogenic were treated as one category (P) and variants of unknown significance (VUS) are described. Genetic variants were identified in 55.8% of patients, with 16% receiving a definitive molecular diagnosis; 39.8% had VUS. Nine patients were identified with Pompe disease. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this targeted genetic panel and the importance of including Pompe disease in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with PMW.

RESUMO:Este estudo avaliou, in vitro e ex vivo, a ação de diferentes concentrações de extratos de própolis, comparativamente à efi cácia de anti-sépticos bucais, frente aos microrganismos presentes na saliva de humanos. Para a realização dos ensaios in vitro, foi adicionada à saliva solução de glicose a 25%, seguindo-se da coleta de alíquotas para a preparação dos grupos controle (C) e experimentais, mediante a adição do extrato de própolis a 11%, 20% e 30%, e do Periogard, Listerine, Malvatricin e Parodontax. Nas experimentações ex vivo, foram coletadas amostras de saliva em jejum (C) e após o enxágüe individual com os extratos de própolis, seguindo-se da adição de glicose. Nas duas fases, foram recolhidas alíquotas das misturas e determinado o consumo de glicose pelos microrganismos pelo método Glicose Oxidase, nos tempos 0, 24, 48 h de incubação a 37 ºC. Constatou-se diferenças estatisticamente signifi cantes no consumo de glicose aos serem comparadas as médias do grupo C nas fases 1 e 2 após 24 e 48 h. Entre os grupos experimentais, não foram constatadas diferenças signifi cativas. Conclui-se que as soluções de própolis a 11%, 20% e 30% tiveram a mesma ação antimicrobiana, o que justifi ca a indicação daquela com menor concentração. Constatou-se também a mesma ação farmacológica em comparação aos anti-sépticos industrializados testados.Unitermos: Própolis, abelha, saliva, microrganismos, metabolismo.ABSTRACT: "Study, in vitro and ex vivo, of the action of different concentrations of propolis extracts against microorganisms present in human saliva". This study evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, the action of propolis extracts in different concentrations, in comparison with the effectiveness of oral antiseptics, against microorganisms present in human saliva. For in vitro experiences, glucose 25% solution was added to saliva, then individual samples were collected to prepare a control group (C) and experimental groups (Exp), with addition of propolis extracts in 11%, 20% and 30%, and extracts of Periogard, Listerine, Malvatricin e Parodontax. For ex vivo experiments, samples of saliva in fast and after mouthrinses with extracts of propolis 11%, 20% and 30% were collected and later glucose solution was added. In both phases of the experiments, successive samples of the mixtures were collected and glucose consumption by microorganisms present in human saliva was determined by the glucose oxidase method in 0, 24 and 48 h of incubation preserved at 37 ºC. The values obtained in control group proved that there was consumption of glucose by microorganisms after 24 and 48 h of incubation in both phases of the study. However, among experimental groups no signifi cant differences have been observed. We conclude that the propolis 11%, 20% and 30% solutions showed the same antimicrobial action. As a result, it is justifi ed to recommend the use of the 11% concentration. It was concluded that propolis had similar pharmacological effect when compared to the industrialized oral antiseptics tested.Keywords: Propolis, bee, saliv...

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> Em setembro de 2015, após um surto de zika vírus, um flavivírus transmitido pelo mosquito <em>Aedes</em>, observou-se um aumento anormal no número de bebês nascidos com microcefalia em áreas afetadas por esse vírus. Com uma propagação rápida, a incidência de microcefalia aumentou em vinte vezes quando comparada à de anos anteriores. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> Verificar o índice de falha na triagem auditiva de crianças expostas ao zika vírus durante a gestação. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Trata-se de um<strong> </strong>estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A população-alvo foi constituída de crianças nascidas entre abril de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, encaminhadas para o ambulatório de confirmação de microcefalia relacionada ao zika vírus, no Complexo Hospitalar Professor Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Foram incluídas crianças com suspeita de síndrome congênita do zika vírus, com ou sem microcefalia, nascidas de mães com infecção por zika vírus confirmada por sorologia durante a gravidez ou <em>com rash</em> cutâneo autorreferido. Os testes de triagem realizados foram emissões otoacústicas por transientes (EOAt) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) nas intensidades de 80/30 dB. Considerou-se “passa” quando a criança obteve respostas adequadas nos dois testes. <strong>Resultados: </strong>Foram revisados os dados de 76 crianças. A idade média de realização dos testes foi de 101±86 dias, e 65,8% delas eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de falha nas emissões otoacústicas foi 6,6%, considerando teste e reteste. No PEATE, todas obtiveram condução nervosa com latências absolutas e intervalos interpicos adequados à idade e nível mínimo de resposta com amplitude clara em 30dBNA. <strong>Conclusão: </strong>A prevalência de falha na triagem auditiva foi de 6,6% considerando teste e reteste. Os resultados sugerem uma provável alteração condutiva entre os que falharam nas EOAt, visto que tinham presença de resposta eletrofisiológica a 30dBNA e latências absolutas dentro da normalidade na pesquisa da condução nervosa no PEATE. Os dados disponíveis não permitem confirmar a natureza da alteração nem estimar a acuidade auditiva com precisão.<strong></strong></p>

The association of Procera zirconia abutment with other implant systems different from its manufacturer demonstrated significant alteration of vertical misfit at implant-abutment interface.

<span class="texto">O avanço da tecnologia trouxe, para os nossos dias, níveis de ruído de diversas naturezas que são potencialmente lesivos ao ouvido humano. Os jovens, na sua maioria adolescentes, habitualmente estão expostos à música amplificada de alta intensidade, especialmente nas suas atividades de lazer. Este estudo verificou o grau de conhecimento de jovens adolescentes em relação às perdas auditivas induzidas pelo ruído, através de uma pesquisa de campo envolvendo 700 adolescentes entre 14 e 20 anos. Os resultados demonstram que, embora 88% da população estudada afirme ter conhecimento de que ruídos de alta intensidade podem causar perdas auditivas, 90% não sabem como proteger sua audição ou usam métodos ineficientes.</span>

Whitening dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide produced lesions on the enamel surface such that the greatest sequelae were associated with exposure to hydrogen peroxide.