No abstract

Global challenges such as climate change, the depletion of natural resources, rising economic disparities, and aging society are increasingly encountered in the world. The initiative Society 5.0 aims are to solve these problems and create the Super Smart Society, when innovation brings together the virtual world and reality. Given the aging issues in Lithuania, the development of the Society 5.0 is a challenge for the country today. Therefore, it is very important to consider how representatives from different generations can contribute to the creation of the Society 5.0, also called the Super Smart Society, in Lithuania. The purpose of the paper is to disclose the individual innovativeness of different generations in the context of the forthcoming Society 5.0 in Lithuania. The paper provides the generation conception, gives a short overview of generational diversity, focuses on generational differences, discusses theoretical aspects of individual innovativeness, and provides the empirical results of individual innovativeness of different generations in Lithuania: the Baby Boomers, the Generation X, the Generation Y and the Generation Z. Finally, based on the findings, the discussion considering the contribution of different generations to creation of the Society 5.0 in Lithuania is provided. A quantitative research was performed, using "Individual Innovativeness Scale" developed by Hurt, Joseph and, Cook (1977). Three methods were used for data analysis: The Hierarchical Cluster analysis, Multidimensional scaling (ALSCAL) and the CATREG-Regression for Categorical Data.

The study of online shopping motives becomes more important because of the increasing number of online shops and the fast-growing size of the online retail market. This makes a significant impact on the consumer experience and changes the behaviour of people, profit, and the use of the distribution channels. The novelty of this research is based on the development of the classification model, which explores economic demand formation motives perceived by sellers in online shopping. It consists of: deliberate, reasonable-price shopping model, clear and easy, lower-price shopping model, fast, easy shopping model, fast and informed, reasonable-price shopping model, fast, low-price shopping model, clear and easy shopping model, clear, lower-price shopping model, and cheap and simple shopping model. These models are developed based on the interdependence of the following created latent models: demand inclination and growth interferences model, demand emergence stimulation model, and demand growth acceleration and growth incentives model. The study of online shopping economic motives perceived by the sellers has revealed that it is the multidimensional structure, which is essentially based on the understanding of the added value of shopping. This value usually depends on a set of factors that reduce the shopping attractiveness and, vice versa, induce it. For this study, the survey was used, and the experts representing top e-commerce managers and owners were selected. The five categories empirically defining the economic demand motives were extracted. Additionally, three categories that are unexplored empirically also were extracted due to a limited number of possible categories. The complete eight-category model fully describes the internationally relevant models of an e-commerce business.

In this paper there is described the use of hermeneutic systems for scientific purposes in economics. Rethinking of hermeneutic systems allowed to transform them into economic information scientific collection methods and enabled to design the quantification procedure for collected qualitative data. The paper also deals with the quantitative coding of authorial intentions, which enables to convert the variables used in the narratives and qualitative research such as interviews into quantitative variables and compare them to the variables used in quantitative research or to make their analysis using the quantitative methods. This methodology is based on the combination of Romanticist, Phenomenological, Dialectical, Critical, and Post-structural hermeneutic systems of interpretation described by Demeterio III. These systems allowed describing the phenomena of knowledge producing which is important in selecting the right hermeneutical coding construct. In this methodology the hermeneutical coding consists of four structural elements: text, interpreter, reality and variables. In order to ensure the repeatability of coding results the special coding sequence was designed. It combines six stages of content processing and coding: reading the text and understanding its overall meaning (based on selection and use of hermeneutic systems), identification of text's logical structure (based on Wilkinson's Key and Hook technique), dividing the text into logical passages, comparative analysis of the logical passages and their conflation into coherent logical sequence, operationalization of the logical passages (based on operationalization technique of Merkys and Six unit coding sequence given by Weber), and dichotomous coding (based on Whicker & Lynn dichotomous coding).

According to economic theory, economic growth is related to Human Capital (HC). Lithuania is associated with countries where a high level of shadow economy exists. This paper examines the issues of human capital development under conditions of shadow economy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the power and effects of the Lithuanian shadow economy in the context of human capital and to assess the inter-dependence between the power of the shadow economy and human capital. The theoretical justification for research on the inter-dependence between the power of the shadow economy and human capital is based on the analysis of how changes in the human capital structure and indicators reflect the power of the shadow economy and vice versa. Theoretical analysis has been made on the main features and factors of shadow economy and possible tools of human capital evaluation. On the basis of theoretical findings, the model of shadow economy power has been created and using the linear regression method, the dependence of shadow economy power on human capital has been evaluated. The power of the shadow economy has been calculated as a function of population, GDP, trade, unemployment and the labor force. Variables of social development, such as demographic changes and risk of poverty, indicators of HC economic development and indicators of HC economic potential have been used for the research. For the evaluation of the interdependence of the variables, the years 2005–2012 were used. In evaluating human capital under the conditions of the shadow economy, a few periods have been identified and distinguished. Firstly, the results showed that the level of human capital education and unemployment can be described as the most important indicators that reflect the economic environment and shadow economy. Secondly, the increasing level of the shadow economy increases shadow unemployment, and this in turn influences the attraction of direct foreign investment. And finally, research on the influence of separate factors of the shadow economy on variables of human capital could disclose a deeper understanding of the impact of the shadow economy on human capital.