ABSTRAKTeknik pengambilan foto udara yang saat ini sedang berkembang, tidak bisa dipungkiri lagi bahwa teknologi Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), khususnya drone merupakan salah satu teknologi yang sangat efektif dan efisien dalam melakukan kegiatan mapping (pemetaan). Kegiatan mapping menggunakan drone ini juga tidak luput dari industri pertambangan, khususnya tambang batu bara yang saat ini mulai popular menggunakan salah satu teknologi yang modern ini. Salah satu jenis UAV yang digunakan PT Arutmin Indonesia adalah drone quadcotper DJI Phantom 4 RTK yang berbasis base GPS metode Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Kegiatan mapping menggunakan drone diperlukan beberapa titik ikat atau kontrol di permukaan tanah yang disebar di area mapping yang dikenal dengan Ground Control Point (GCP). GCP berfungsi sebagai titik ikat atau kontrol di permukaan tanah. Sebaiknya GCP disebar merata di permukaan tanah area mapping yang areanya bebas dari obstacles, dan tidak mengganggu kegiatan penambangan agar hasil dari pengolahan data diharapkan menghasilkan data orthophoto dan kontur topografi yang presisi dan akurat. Kegiatan mapping yang dilakukan PT Arutmin Indonesia ini dilakukan di area in pit dump dengan sebaran enam data GCP yang disebar di ujung-ujung dan tengah batasan area mapping. GCP yang tidak di sebar merata di area mapping akan menghasilkan data orthophoto dan kontur topografi yang tidak presisi dan akurat. Ini disebabkan adanya area mapping yang tidak terikat/terkontrol oleh GCP. Area mapping yang tidak tercover GCP, dominan orthophoto yang dihasilkan tidak sesuai dengan aktual kondisi in pit dump. Orthophoto in pit dump ini, keadaan bench dump akan terlihat tidak lurus atau terpisah atau tidak menyambung karena posisi horizontal yang dihasilkan tidak presisi dan akurat. Begitu juga dengan data topografi, apabila area mapping tidak tercover GCP, akan menimbulkan variance +/- 5-10 m pada posisi horizontal (easting dan northing) dan 3-5 m pada posisi vertical (elevation). Dengan demikian data GCP yang disebar merata di area mapping merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menghasilkan data orthophoto dan kontur yang presisi dan akurat. GCP yang disebar merata di area mapping akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap ketelitian rektifikasi yang ditunjukkan melalui nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ketelitian jarak dan posisi (koordinat). Kata Kunci: GCP, mapping, in pit dump, rektifikasi ABSTRACT The technique of taking aerial photographs is currently developing, it is undeniable that the technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), especially drones, is one of the technologies that is very effective and efficient in conducting mapping activities. Mapping activities using drones are also not spared from the mining industry, especially coal mining which is currently gaining popularity using one of these modern technologies. One type of UAV used by PT Arutmin Indonesia is the DJI Phantom 4 RTK quadcotper drone based on the GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method. Mapping activities using drones require a number of grounding points or controls that are spread out in a mapping area known as a Ground Control Point (GCP). GC Work as a bonding point or control at ground level. GCP should be distributed evenly on unobstructed mapping surface, and there is no mining activity so that the results of data processing are expected to produce precise and accurate orthophoto and topographic contour data. The mapping activity carried out by PT Arutmin Indonesia was carried out in an area in the pit dump with the distribution of six GCP data distributed at the edges and the mapping of the middle area. GCP that is not spread evenly in the mapping area will produce orthophoto data and topographic contours that are not precise and accurate. This represents the existence of an area mapping that is not approved / controlled by GCP. Mapping the area that is not covered by GCP, the dominant orthophoto produced is not in accordance with the actual conditions in the pit dump. Orthophoto in this pit dump, the state of the dump bench will look not straight or separate or not connect because the resulting horizontal position is not precise and accurate. Likewise with topographic data, mapping the rejected area is not covered by GCP, will cause variance +/- 5-10 m in the horizontal position (east and north) and 3-5 m vertical position (elevation). Thus GCP data distributed evenly in the mapping area is one of the parameters to produce precise and accurate orthophoto and contour data. GCP that is spread evenly in the mapping area will give effect to the accuracy of rectification studied through the value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) accuracy of distance and position (coordinates). Keywords: GCP, mapping, in pit dump, rectification
ABSTRAK Era industri 4.0 saat ini sedang berkembang dengan pesat, hampir semua bidang industri memerlukan dan tersentuh oleh DNA utama dari era industri 4.0, yaitu automasi proses yang lebih cepat. Demikian juga dengan industri pertambangan. Pengelolaan industri pertambangan khususnya tambang batubara juga tidak luput dari praktek-praktek automasi cerdas khas industry 4.0. Salah satu terapan yang dilakukan PT Arutmin Indonesia adalah penggunaan Drone RTK (DJI Phantom 4 RTK) dalam proses in-pit mapping. Output yang akan diharapkan dari in-pit mapping menggunkan drone ini antara lain orthophoto dan kontur topografi yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk analisis atau pekerjaan selanjutnya. Akan tetapi kendala yang dihadapi pada saat melakukan in-pit mapping menggunakan drone ini adalah keterbatasan kemampuan battery sehingga waktu terbang dan luasan yang dihasilkan dalam pemanfaatan kapasitas battery drone perlu direncanakan dengan baik. Maka diperlukan beberapa usaha yang mampu mengoptimalkan penggunaan drone dalam in-pit mapping. Beberapa titik kritis yang dapat dioptimalkan kaitannya dengan management battery drone, antaranya:Set ketinggian terbangKecepatan terbangOverlaping fotoKetiga praktek optimalisasi penggunaan drone tersebut mampu memaksimalkan penggunaan drone agar lebih efisiensi yaitu lama waktu terbang dan produktifitas luasan area tercapture yang meningkat, maupun memberikan rasa nyaman pilot drone dari kekhawatiran drone terjatuh. Optimalisasi ini dilakukan tentu dengan tidak meninggalkan kualitas hasil pekerjaan in-pit mapping menggunakan pendekatan geomatika drone DJI Phantom 4 RTK. Optimalisasi hal-hal tersebut di atas juga dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan praktis di lapangan, sehingga pilot drone yang sudah mengetahui typical area terbang tentu diharapkan bisa lebih baik dalam melakukan persiapan rencana terbang hingga memberikan hasil yang benar-benar maksimal. Kata kunci: in-pit mapping, geomatika, optimalisasi drone ABSTRACT The 4.0 industrial era is currently developing rapidly, almost all fields of industry require and are touched by the main DNA of the 4.0 industrial era, which is faster automation process. Likewise with the mining industry. The management of the mining industry, especially coal mines, is also not immune from 4.0 industry-specific intelligent automation practices. One of the applications made by PT Arutmin Indonesia is the use of RTK Drones (DJI Phantom 4 RTK) in the in-pit mapping process. The output expected from in-pit mapping using this drone includes orthophoto and topographic contours which can be used for further analysis or work. However, the obstacle faced when conducting in-pit mapping using this drone is the limited ability of the battery so that the flying time and the area generated in the utilization of the battery drone capacity need to be planned properly. Then some efforts are needed to optimize the use of drones in in-pit mapping. Some critical points that can be optimized in relation to battery drone management including: 1. Fly altitude set 2. Flying speed 3. Foto overlapping The three practice points of optimizing the use of drones are able to maximize the use of drones to be more efficient, namely the length of time to fly and the increased productivity of the captured area, as well as providing a sense of comfort for drone pilots from fears of falling drones. This optimization is done by certainly not leaving the quality of the results of the in-pit mapping work using the DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone geomatics approach. Optimization of the things mentioned above can also be done quickly and practically in the field, so that drone pilots who already knew the typical flying area are certainly expected to be better in making flight plan preparations to provide truly maximum results. Keywords: in-pit mapping, geomatics, drone optimization
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