IntroductionIdiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a relatively common ophthalmic disorder characterized by the development of a serous detachment of the sensory retina. Psychophysiological factors may trigger or maintain CSCR, though, surprisingly, the association between CSCR and anxiety has yet to be studied. The aims of the present study were threefold: to determine whether 1) Iranian patients with CSCR have higher scores for anxiety, 2) anxiety is lower, if CSCR has been experienced twice, and whether 3) anxiety scores differ between sexes.MethodsA total of 30 patients with CSCR and 30 healthy age-and sex-matched controls took part in the study. A brief face-to-face interview was conducted covering demographic variables and history and occurrence of CSCR and assessing anxiety.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, anxiety was significantly higher in both first-time and second-time CSCR patients. In CSCR patients, anxiety scores did not differ between sexes.ConclusionHigher anxiety scores were observed in Iranian patients with CSCR, irrespective of whether this was the first or second occurrence of CSCR. This suggests there is no psychological adaptation in terms of reduced anxiety among patients with repeated CSCR.

Using a contralateral eye study design prevented the influence of potential confounding factors inherent in similar previous case-control studies. On this basis, a protective role for high myopia against DR was established.

Context:Sunglasses should follow minimum requirements to sufficiently protect eyes. It is not known whether all items obtainable from the market are appropriately designed.Aims:To compare ultraviolet (UV)-protective properties of commercially available sunglasses obtained from authorized and unauthorized Iranian sellers.Settings and Study Design:An analytic-descriptive study performed in a metropolitan area (Tehran).Materials and Methods:Using a UV-visible standard spectrophotometer, the percentage transmittance was scanned between 280 and 400 nm in 348 pairs of nonprescription sunglasses (price range: 20–80 US$) obtained anonymously and randomly from authorized (permitted by the Ministry of Health, 189 pairs) and unauthorized (159 pairs) sellers in the Iranian capital city, Tehran. The Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) and the American National Standards Institute [ANSI] standards were followed.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test, independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test.Results:UV-protective properties of the sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers complied with AS/NZS and ANSI guidelines in 92.6% and 95.2% of items, respectively. The corresponding rates for sunglasses obtained from unauthorized sellers were 0% and 8.2%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). The rate of defective polarizing capability of lenses was 27.4% in sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers versus 90.4% in sunglasses obtained from unauthorized sellers (P < 0.001). Neither brand nor price played significant contributions to UV protection/lens polarizing capability of sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers.Conclusions:Sunglasses provided by unauthorized sellers are alarmingly unreliable and could be potentially hazardous for the eye. Brand and price do not guarantee optimal protection against UV radiation or polarizing performance of the lens.

Pure anisometropic amblyopia is a common finding in Caucasians seeking eye care, particularly when anisometropia is of spherical hyperopic subtype.

A 3-year-old girl presented with left exotropia. Funduscopy demonstrated a retinocytoma associated with five discrete retinoblastomas in the left eye and three discrete retinoblastomas in her right eye. The clinical manifestations and fundus imaging findings are described.

Uveitis and erythema induratum are two uncommon extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB). In most circumstances, we cannot isolate mycobacterium from those sites, so diagnosis is difficult. In the presented case, panuveitis, erythema induratum, and persistent anogenital warts were found concurrently in a 19-year-old girl who had a history of pulmonary TB 10 years ago. Assessment of her immune condition ruled out any immunodeficiency state. Extrapulmonary TB and persistent warts responded dramatically to anti-TB drugs and interferon-gamma, respectively. Our case reveals that a constellation of these clinical manifestations may also occur in immunocompetent individuals.

Background and Objective: One of the most common extracutaneous complications in psoriasis patients is ocular complications, which is controversial concerning its effect on choroidal thickness. This study aimed to compare the psoriasis patients with healthy individuals in terms of the thickness of the choroidal layer using the optical coherence tomography technique. Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, 30 psoriasis patients were compared with 32 healthy individuals who were matched for gender and age. Choroidal thickness was measured in both groups using the optical coherence tomography technique. Furthermore, the relationship of the choroidal thickness with the severity and duration of the disease was assessed in patients. Results:The mean choroidal thickness of the left eye (312.1±12.0 mµ vs. 296.3±20.8 mµ), right eye (310.6±12.5mµ vs. 297.5±17.5mµ), and regardless of the left or right eye (311.3±12.2 mµ vs. 296.9±19.1mµ) was significantly higher in patients, compared to the control group (P=0.001 for all three mean values). No significant relationship was found between disease duration and severity with choroid thickness. Moreover, the patients with multiple limb involvement had a higher mean choroid thickness; however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, patients with psoriasis have a greater choroidal thickness, compared to healthy individuals, which is not related to the severity, type of involvement, and duration of the disease.

The authors would like to thank the referees for carefully reading our manuscript and for giving such detailed comments which substantially helped to improve the quality of the paper. In the revised version of the manuscript, we have tried to address all the points that were raised. The points that relate to the text's language and grammar are not discussed here. In the following, the comments will be discussed one by one.