An
efficient Sonogashira coupling of a heterocyclic phosphonium
salt with a terminal alkyne via C–P bond cleavage was developed.
The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of palladium catalyst,
copper(I) iodide, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine
(DIPEA) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 100 °C
for 12 h, producing the corresponding alkynyl-substituted pyridine,
quinoline, pyrazine, and quinoxaline in moderate to good yields with
wide substrate scope and broad functional group tolerance. In addition,
gram-scale synthesis could also be achieved, and the reaction could
be applied to the functionalization of alkyne-containing complex molecules
derived from sugars and pharmaceutical and naturally occurring products
(e.g., estrone, d-galactopyranose, menthol, and ibuprofen).
The copper(II)-mediated
ring opening/alkynylation of cyclopropanol
by employing inexpensive and commercially available terminal alkyne
is developed. The reactions proceeded efficiently to afford synthetically
useful alk-4-yn-1-ones in moderate to good yields with good functional
group tolerance. Control experiments showed that the reaction presumably
proceeds via the formation of intermediates of copper homoenolate
and/or alkynylcopper species.
The strong and unreactive CÀ F bond makes polyfluorocarbons extremely long-lived and potentially toxic. A successive selective and controllable C(sp 3)À F functionalization of polyfluoroalkylated ketones with Sand O-nucleophiles to enable efficient synthesis of pharmaceutically important fluorine-and sulfurcontaining polycyclic furan and chromene derivatives under transition metal-free conditions is demonstrated here. The combination of CÀ S/CÀ O coupling, aromatization, and cyclization cascade contribute to the accurate four/five C(sp 3)À F bond cleavage at two different sites of perfluoroalkyl chain. The formation of reactive quinoid intermediates and the necessity of using TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) as additive and Cs 2 CO 3 as base were identified by detailed mechanistic studies.
A Pd-catalyzed C-F bond alkynylation of polyfluoroalkyl ketones with terminal alkynes has been developed. The method gives access to a range of modular perfluoroalkyl- and alkynyl-substituted furan derivatives in moderate...
A titanium(IV)-mediated
ring-opening/dehydroxylative cross-coupling
of diaryl-substituted methanols with a cyclopropanol derivative was
developed. The reactions proceeded efficiently to provide synthetically
useful γ,γ-diaryl esters in moderate to good yields, which
could be applied to the functionalization of complex molecules derived
from bioactive fenofibrate and isoxepac and the synthesis of a precursor
of Zoloft.
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