Increasing evidence has revealed that thy-1 was a potential stem cell marker of liver cancer, but no data have been shown on how thy-1 regulates the pathophysiology of liver cancer, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. We previously demonstrated that thy-1 was expressed in about 1% of hepg2 cells, thy-1+ hepg2 cells, but not thy-1-, demonstrating high tumorigenesis on inoculation 0.5x10 5 cells per BACA/LA mouse after 2 months. In the present study, our results showed that higher expression of thy-1 occurs in 72% (36/50 cases) of neoplastic hepatic tissues as compared to 40% (20/50 cases) of control tissues, and the expression of thy-1 is higher in poorly differentiated liver tumors than in the well-differentiated ones. In addition, thy-1 expression was detected in 85% of blood samples from liver cancer patients, but none in normal subjects or patients with cirrhosis or hepatitis. There was a significant negative correlation between thy-1expression and E-cadherin expression (a marker of invasion and migraton), but not between thy-1 expression and AFP expression in all the liver cancer and blood samples. We further investigated the relationship between thy-1 and E-cadherin in liver cancer hepg2 cell line which was transfected with pReceiver-M29/thy-1 eukaryotic expression vector followed by aspirin treatment. Lower expression of E-cadherin but higher expressions of thy-1 were detected in hepg2 cells transfected with pReceiver-M29/thy-1. Taken together, our study suggested that thy-1 probably regulates liver cancer invasion and migration.
An efficient diastereoselective allylation of various carbonyl compounds with cyclic allylic halides by using commercially available bismuth powder in the presence of LiI was developed. Among all the metals screened, bismuth was found to be the best mediator for the transformation. The reactions involving various cyclic allylic halides proceeded smoothly at room temperature to produce the desired homoallylic alcohols in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivities (> 99:1 dr). Reversed diastereoselectivity was obtained when carbonyl substrate (e. g., 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, glyoxylic acid) containing chelating substituent was used in the allylation reaction. In addition, the reactions involving acyclic (E)-cinnamyl bromide as substrate worked equally well with high diastereocontrol.
An efficient copper-catalyzed three-component cyclization for the construction of highly functionalized pyrimidine derivatives from readily available amidines, styrenes and fluoroalkyl halides is developed. This protocol distinguishes itself by the formation of three new C-C/C-N bonds and a new six-membered ring through a radical addition/oxidation/cyclization sequence in a one-pot manner.
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