Background: Wound healing has always been an intractable medical problem for both clinicians and researchers and a burden for patients both physically and financially. Poor wound healing at the injury site, especially in an exposed site, is associated with an unappealing esthetic appearance in patients and also results in a bad skin barrier, tissue infection and necrosis, loss of main function in extreme cases and other serious local and systemic consequences. There is a crucial and urgent need for newer, more efficacious methods for enhancing the healing process to achieve optimal outcomes morphologically and functionally. Recent advances have focused on developing therapies that promote tissue regeneration through positively activating the mechanism of tissue repair. Given the increasing high-quality studies concerning exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-Exos), their potential use in accelerating or supporting the wound healing process has gained increasing attention in recent years. Aims:In this review, we present an overview of the recent advances in the field of ADSCs-Exos and investigate their benefit in wound healing for skin regeneration with the expectation of providing a perspective on how to best utilize this powerful cell-free therapy in the future. Methods:A retrospective review of the published data was conducted. Results: Most studies have shown the possible roles of ASCs-derived exosomes (ADSCs-Exos) in cutaneous wound healing through regulation of the inflammatory response and promotion of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis and matrix reconstruction to provide a new perspective strategy for the use of ASCs-Exos in skin wound healing.Conclusion: ADSCs-Exos are likely to achieve the best functionally and cosmetic skin wound healing while avoiding undesirable consequences. ADSCs-Exos represent a novel therapeutic tool in soft tissue repair; however, further randomized, doubleblind, comparative clinical trials must be performed to determine the specific mechanisms, safety and other relevant cosmetic concerns. K E Y W O R D Sadipose-derived stem cell-derived exosomes, adipose-derived stem cells, exosome, skin regeneration, skin wound healing | 575 QIU et al.

Background:Oily skin is one of the most common dermatological complaints. Oily skin may be accompanied by enlarged pores, acne, and seborrheic dermatitis.Moreover, oily skin has negative effects on self-perception. Most therapeutic approaches used to treat oily skin have had varying degrees of efficacy and include topical treatments, such as photodynamic therapy and lasers. However, certain of these therapies for oily skin may lead to severe side effects. With the expanding use and high safety profile of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), its use in the treatment of oily skin has caused significant concerns; moreover, relevant reports have gradually accumulated to address the efficacy of BoNT-A and explore its mechanisms of action. Aims:The objective of this article was to review the efficacy and possible treatment mechanisms of BoNT-A on oily skin. Methods:A retrospective review of the published data was conducted. Results:Most studies have suggested that the intradermal injection of BoNT-A decreased sebum production and pore size. Furthermore, this treatment attained high patient satisfaction without significant side effects. BoNT-A effectively decreased sebum production and excretion, which was in keeping with previous studies, possibly via its blockade of cholinergic signaling and its neuromodulatory effects. Conclusions: Intradermal BoNT-A injection may represent a promising new treat-ment for oily skin and other relevant dermatological problems, such as enlarged pores, acne, and seborrheic dermatitis. Further study is still needed to determine the specific mechanisms of BoNT-A and the optimal injection techniques and doses for oily skin and other relevant cosmetic concerns. K E Y W O R D S efficacy, oily skin, sebaceous gland, sebum, toxin 452 | SHUO et al. sebum secretion can lead to an array of cosmetic problems, such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis. Oily skin has negative effects on self-perception, as well as detrimental psychosocial consequences. Many people with this condition feel embarrassed, frustrated, and unattractive. 3 Most therapeutic approaches, which have been used to treat oily skin, have varying degrees of efficacy. 4 Recently, the use of BoNT-A on oily skin has caused significant concerns; however, relevant reports have gradually accumulated to address the efficacy of BoNT-A and explore its mechanisms of action. The objective of this article was to review the efficacy and possible treatment mechanisms of botulinum toxin on oily skin. | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS | Search strategyWe performed a systematic search of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. The following key words and/or corresponding Medical Subject Heading terms were used: botox or botulinum toxin or botulin or botulinus toxin; and sebum or seborrhea or oily; and glandula sebacea or sebaceous gland; and efficacy or mechanisms.A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS was performed by two investigators to identify all the related studies. No restrictions we...

Background: Anatomical knowledge of the zygomatico-orbital artery and its most relevant clinical applications is essential for ensuring the safety of filler injection into the temporal region. The purpose of this study was to provide the precise position, detailed course, and relationship with surrounding structures of the zygomatico-orbital artery. Methods: Fifty-eight patients who underwent head contrast-enhanced three-dimensional computed tomography and 10 fresh frozen cadavers were investigated. Results: The zygomatico-orbital artery was identified in 93 percent of the samples in this work. Ninety-four percent of the zygomatico-orbital arteries derived directly from the superficial temporal artery, and the remaining arteries started from the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. According to the origin of the zygomatico-orbital artery, it was classified into type I and type II. Type I arteries were then classified into three subtypes. The trunk of the zygomatico-orbital artery was located between the deep temporal fascia and the superficial temporal fascia. Deep branches of the zygomatico-orbital artery pierced the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia. The zygomatico-orbital artery originated from 11.3 mm in front of the midpoint of the apex of the tragus, and most of its trunks were located less than 20.0 mm above the zygomatic arch. The mean diameter of the zygomatico-orbital artery was 1.2 ± 0.2 mm. There were extensive anastomoses between the zygomatico-orbital artery and various periorbital arteries at the lateral orbital rim. Conclusion: The precise anatomical knowledge of the zygomatico-orbital artery described in this study could be helpful for cosmetic physicians for improving the safety of temporal augmentation.