The JUNO experiment locates in Jinji town, Kaiping city, Jiangmen city, Guangdong province. The geographic location is east longitude 112 • 31'05' and North latitude 22 • 07'05'. The experimental site is 43 km to the southwest of the Kaiping city, a county-level city in the prefecture-level city Jiangmen in Guangdong province. There are five big cities, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macau, Shenzhen, and Zhuhai, all in ∼200 km drive distance, as shown in figure 3.

Reliable values of quark and lepton masses are important for model building at a fundamental energy scale, such as the Fermi scale M Z ≈ 91.2 GeV and the would-be GUT scale Λ GUT ∼ 2× 10 16 GeV. Using the latest data given by the Particle Data Group, we update the running quark and charged-lepton masses at a number of interesting energy scales below and above M Z . In particular, we take into account the possible new physics scale (µ ∼ 1 TeV) to be explored by the LHC and the typical seesaw scales (µ ∼ 10 9 GeV and µ ∼ 10 12 GeV) which might be relevant to the generation of neutrino masses. For illustration, the running masses of three light Majorana neutrinos are also calculated. Our up-to-date tables of running fermion masses are expected to be very useful for the study of flavor dynamics at various energy scales. PACS number(s): 12.15. Ff, 12.38.Bx, Typeset using REVT E X *

Abstract. We present a comprehensive review of keV-scale sterile neutrino Dark Matter, collecting views and insights from all disciplines involved -cosmology, astrophysics, nuclear, and particle physics -in each case viewed from both theoretical and experimental/observational perspectives. After reviewing the role of active neutrinos in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, we focus on sterile neutrinos in the context of the Dark Matter puzzle. Here, we first review the physics motivation for sterile neutrino Dark Matter, based on challenges and tensions in purely cold Dark Matter scenarios. We then round out the discussion by critically summarizing all known constraints on sterile neutrino Dark Matter arising from astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations. In this context, we provide a balanced discourse on the possibly positive signal from X-ray observations. Another focus of the paper concerns the construction of particle physics models, aiming to explain how sterile neutrinos of keV-scale masses could arise in concrete settings beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The paper ends with an extensive review of current and future astrophysical and laboratory searches, highlighting new ideas and their experimental challenges, as well as future perspectives for the discovery of sterile neutrinos.

PrefaceNeutrinos are a kind of electrically neutral and extremely light spin-1/2 particles which only have weak and gravitational interactions with matter. Their distinctive properties make them become one of Nature's most mysterious messengers. Since the birth of neutrino physics in 1930, when Wolfgang Pauli postulated the existence of neutrinos as a "desperate remedy" for the continuous energy spectrum observed in the beta decay, intriguing puzzles and exciting discoveries have been associated with elusive neutrinos in nuclear physics, particle physics, astronomy and cosmology.Enrico Fermi took advantage of Pauli's neutrino hypothesis and invented an effective theory of weak interactions in 1933. There were several milestones associated with neutrinos in the subsequent development of particle physics. The discovery of electron antineutrinos from nuclear reactors was made by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. In the same year Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang published a seminal paper on parity violation in weak interactions, which was soon confirmed by a number of elegant experiments. Motivated by the experimental fact that neutrinos were almost massless and left-handed, Richard Feynman and Murray Gell-Mann proposed the V −A theory of weak interactions in 1958. Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger discovered the muon neutrino, a sister of the electron neutrino, by doing the first high-energy accelerator neutrino experiment in 1962. A unified gauge theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions, the so-called standard model (SM), was established by Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam in the 1960's. This theory was experimentally verified in 1973, thanks to the discovery of neutral-current interactions via the neutrinoelectron and antineutrino-electron scattering. The massive mediators of weak interactions (i.e., W ± and Z 0 bosons) were finally observed by Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer in 1983.In this book we start with the SM and elaborate on the intrinsic properties and fundamental interactions of massless neutrinos. Thanks to several compelling neutrino oscillation experiments done in the 1990's and 2000's, we VI Preface are now convinced that neutrinos are massive and lepton flavors are mixed. Generally speaking, one has to rely on a specific neutrino mass model when discussing massive neutrinos and their interactions with matter. But our main strategy is to focus on the model-independent properties of elusive neutrinos, such as their electromagnetic dipole moments, flavor mixing, CP violation and oscillations in vacuum and matter. To address the origin of finite neutrino masses, we shall concentrate on various seesaw mechanisms which have currently attracted a lot of interest for model building. By choosing these kinds of topics, we hope to keep us and the readers of our book as close as possible to the true theory of massive neutrinos.Furthermore, we aim to give an introduction to two newly developed branches of astronomy and cosmology -neutrino astronomy and neutr...

Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide/graphene hybrids were synthesized by a one-pot in situ solvothermal route. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that the formation of Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide (Ni-Fe LDH) and the reduction of graphene oxide occurred simultaneously during the one-pot solvothermal process. TGA results showed that the incorporation of Ni-Fe LDH significantly improved the thermal stability of the graphene. Subsequently, Ni-Fe LDH/graphene hybrids were introduced into epoxy resins for reducing their fire hazard. With the incorporation of 2.0 wt% of Ni-Fe LDH/graphene, the onset thermal degradation temperature of the epoxy composite was significantly increased by 25 C compared to that of pure epoxy. Also, the addition of Ni-Fe LDH/ graphene hybrids imparted excellent flame retardant properties to the epoxy matrix, evidenced by the dramatically reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release values obtained from a micro combustion calorimeter and cone calorimeter. This dramatically reduced fire hazard was mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of Ni-Fe LDH/graphene hybrids: the adsorption and barrier effect of graphene slowed down the thermal degradation of the polymer matrix, inhibited the heat and flammable gas release and promoted the formation of graphitized carbons, while Ni-Fe LDH improved the thermal oxidative resistance of the char layer.

The recent results of the ATLAS and CMS experiments indicate 116 GeV < ∼ M H < ∼ 131 GeV and 115 GeV < ∼ M H < ∼ 127 GeV, respectively, for the mass of the Higgs boson in the standard model (SM) at the 95% confidence level. In particular, both experiments point to a preferred narrow mass range M H ≃ (124 · · · 126) GeV. We examine the impact of this preliminary result of M H on the SM vacuum stability by using the two-loop renormalization-group equations (RGEs), and arrive at the cutoff scale Λ VS ∼ 4 × 10 12 GeV (for M H = 125 GeV, M t = 172.9 GeV and α s (M Z ) = 0.1184) where the absolute stability of the SM vacuum is lost and some kind of new physics might take effect. We update the values of running lepton and quark masses at some typical energy scales, including the ones characterized by M H , 1 TeV and Λ VS , with the help of the two-loop RGEs. The branching ratios of some important two-body Higgs decay modes, such as H → bb, H → τ + τ − , H → γγ, H → W + W − and H → ZZ, are also recalculated by inputting the values of relevant particle masses at M H .

A biobased flame retardant toughening agent, phosphaphenanthrene groups-containing triscardanyl phosphate (PTCP), was successfully synthesized via debydrochlorination, epoxidation and ring opening reaction from renewable resource cardanol. The chemical structure of PTCP was confirmed by the proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. Epoxy resins (EPs) with different contents of PTCP were prepared through a simple mixing method. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the earlier degradation of PTCP catalyzed the char formation of epoxy resins that was beneficial to protecting underlying polymers from further decomposition. The flame retardant properties were enhanced with the increase of the PTCP content. The EP composite containing 30 wt % PTCP showed a limiting oxygen index of 30.5%. Meanwhile, its peak heat release rate, total heat release and average effective heat of combustion values were decreased by 50%, 27% and 32%, respectively, in comparison to those of neat EP. The enhanced flame retardant behavior was attributed to the improved quality of char residue, which effectively inhibited the flammable volatiles, oxygen and heat transfer between degradation zone and flame zone. The impact strength was increased to 19.14 kJ/m2 for EP/PTCP-30% composite from 14.85 kJ/m2 for neat EP, indicating the toughening effect of PTCP on EP. The findings in this study demonstrated that PTCP could be used as a promising flame retardant toughening agent for epoxy resins to overcome their drawbacks of intrinsic brittle and high flammability.

An overview of neutrino electromagnetic properties, which open a door to the new physics beyond the Standard Model, is given. The effects of neutrino electromagnetic interactions both in terrestrial experiments and in astrophysical environments are discussed. The experimental bounds on neutrino electromagnetic characteristics are summarized. Future astrophysical probes of electromagnetic neutrinos are outlined.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, Revised version, Annalen der Physik [Ann. Phys. (Berlin)] in press. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.634