The interaction between fosfomycin (FOS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated effectively by multi-spectroscopic techniques under physiological pH 7.4. FOS quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. The number of binding sites n and observed binding constant KA were measured by the fluorescence quenching method. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0 were calculated at different temperatures according to the van’t Hoff equation. The site of binding of FOS in the protein was proposed to be Sudlow’s site I based on displacement experiments using site markers viz. warfarin, ibuprofen and digitoxin. The distance r between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (FOS) molecules was obtained according to the Förster theory. The effect of FOS on the conformation of BSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS), circular dichroism (CD) and 3D fluorescence spectra. A molecular modeling study further confirmed the binding mode obtained by the experimental studies.

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A large number of IPNs and semi-IPNs have been reported in the literature. The present review is focused on the preparation methods and their CR properties with reference to anticancer, anti-asthmatic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis and antihypertensive drugs, as majority of these drugs have been reported to be the ideal choices for using IPNs and semi-IPNs.

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Catalyst free new bioactive 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐4‐yl)‐6‐arylpyridine‐3‐carbonitrile molecular entities (2 a‐2 o) have been synthesized from 4‐formylcoumarins with malononitrile, different ketones and ammonium acetate via one‐pot four component coupling reaction under neat microwave method. Detailed characterization of all the compounds and anticancer properties for the synthesized compounds are reported. Compounds 2 f and 2 k exhibited promising anticancer activity at low concentration (10−5 M) against NCI‐60 cell lines. Further, IC50 values were calculated for most potent compounds against three cancer cell lines such as HT‐29, Hep‐G2 and KB. Among the eight compounds, 2 f and 2 k are exhibited most promising activity, the potent anticancer molecules 2 f and 2 k were screened for their CT‐DNA cleavage and fluorescence quenching study with transport protein BSA. Molecular docking study has been performed for the synthesized compounds with binding site of the tubulin using podophyllotoxin‐tubulin stathmin‐like domain complex (PDB 1SA1) and results obtained are quite good.

Biomolecular interaction of hydralazine with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by fluorescence, ultravoilet, three-dimensional, synchronous, Fourier transform infrared, lifetime fluorescence, resonance Rayleigh scattering, circular dichroism, and molecular docking techniques. The intrinsic fluorescence of HSA was quenched by a static quenching mechanism. The effect of β-cyclodextrin on binding was studied. Binding constants and number of binding sites were evaluated using the Stern−Volmer equation. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS°) indicate the involvement of hydrogen bonding with weak van der Waals forces in the interaction. The average binding distance (r) between the HSA and hydralazine was calculated by Fourier resonance energy transfer theory. Molecular docking study confirms the drug binding sites and interaction of hydralazine with amino acid residues.

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