An experimental investigation is carried out for softening of hard water by using solar desalination system with an evacuated tube collector. The experimental study mainly involves various parameters such as the temperature of hard and soft water, an ambient temperature of water, water flow rate, intensity of solar radiation and wind velocity. The primary purpose for an experimental study to get a maximum amount of soft water using evacuated tube collector. It is observed that in evacuated tube solar collector system gives the higher outlet temperature of water and has the better results for the thermal performance of the energy system. The entire test is done for environmental and climatic conditions of Pune city which is located in the western region in India. The experimental analysis show that evacuated tube solar collector system gives 27-28 liters of soft water per day.

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This paper present analytical and experimental analysis of hybrid solar desalination system using evacuated tube collector (ETC) and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) to obtain the maximum amount of soft water for drinking and industrial purposes. In this paper, thermal performance of hybrid system with varying heights between ETC and CPC and flow rates are investigated with single effect boiling method. Water is used as working fluid for experimentation and tested for different climatic conditions of Pune city (located in western region in the Maharashtra state, India). The experimental set-up of thermosiphon solar water system mainly consists of ETC and CPC, condenser, inlet water tank, outlet collection jar etc. The CPC (reflector) is used to improve thermal performance of solar desalination system. Further, thermal performance of said solar desalination system has been improved with aluminium foil as CPC (reflector) material. From obtained results, it is concluded that for the climatic conditions of selected location, solar (ETC + CPC) hybrid desalination system could produce 1.5-2 l of fresh water per day and purity is validated as per ISO 12500-2012.

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Solar desalination system is one of the technologies which converts hard water to soft water which even is useful for drinking purpose. This paper reports the mathematical modelling of hard water desalination using hybrid (ETC + CPC) solar desalination system. This model considers various parameters such as intensity of solar radiation, atmospheric temperature, wind speed, material for compound parabolic concentrator, flow rate, concentration ratio and gives idea for system performance in terms of soft water production. Experiments were conducted at Pune City which is located in western region of India and accordingly environmental parameter are considered accordingly. It is observed that average percentage error values calculated using this proposed model to quantity soft water in comparison with actual experimental results are in the range of 3% to 5%. Hence, it is concluded that numerically calculated quantity of soft water per bottle has good agreement with analytical calculation with developed thermal model. It is evident that developed model predicts the behaviour of the actual system.

Water-energy nexus is a crucial and challenging concern that addressing it is noteworthy for the future of human beings. In addition, freshwater production is a highly energy-intensive procedure. Therefore, developing a suitable solution for this problem is of importance. In the present scenario, solar energy is one of the suitable options for desalination because solar energy is available at a low cost, is clean for the environment, and is widely available. Generally, solar collectors such as flat plate collectors (FPC) and evacuated tube collectors were experimented for desalination applications. This work presents an experimental investigation of a single-stage hybrid (ETC-CPC) groundwater solar desalination system. A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is placed below the evacuated tube collector (ETC) for collecting solar radiations to transfer heat to evacuated tubes which improves performance in the case of different weather conditions of Pune city in India. Experimental results show that the hybrid solar groundwater desalination system, by maintaining the optimum distance of 20 mm between ETC and CPC with Mylar as the reflecting material, could offer a drinking water production rate of up to 3.4 l/(m2h)/day. However, the proposed single-stage hybrid (ETC+CPC) groundwater solar desalination system with aluminum foil as a reflecting material could generate 1.9 liters of soft water per day. Further, the use of Mylar as a reflecting material could generate 3.5 liters of soft water per day.

Patient handling from hospital bed to CT scan, X-Ray centre, M R Scan, Sonography centre etc is a tedious job. Generally from bed to stretcher trolley the patient is manually transferred. Two persons lift the patient and put him on trolley stretcher. The manual handling of patient is injurious to patient as stresses are produced in the body of patient, especially in neck, backbone, limb joints etc. Also the nursing staffs who handle the patients also face health problems like shoulder, back pain. The primary objective of this device achieved is safe and efficient transfer of an injured patient to and from a hospital bed without any discomfort on account of the transfer. This is accomplished by the use of a pair of endless belts attached to rollers. The slab will travel with the movement of endless belts. A hand operated worm gearbox is used to drive the rollers. Two pairs of finite length belts are used connect slab and endless belts. This device can take a load up to 150kg smoothly which is sufficient for the weight range of obese persons.