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a b s t r a c tThis review discusses heat transfer enhancement of various nanoparticles in solar stills. The thermal conductivities of various nanoparticles, that is, SiC, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes suspended in water with different volume fractions are analyzed. The factors involved in the thermal conductivity and distillation enhancement of nanofluids are discussed. This review is crucial because thermal conductivity enhancement augments the fresh water yield.

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This paper present analytical and experimental analysis of hybrid solar desalination system using evacuated tube collector (ETC) and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) to obtain the maximum amount of soft water for drinking and industrial purposes. In this paper, thermal performance of hybrid system with varying heights between ETC and CPC and flow rates are investigated with single effect boiling method. Water is used as working fluid for experimentation and tested for different climatic conditions of Pune city (located in western region in the Maharashtra state, India). The experimental set-up of thermosiphon solar water system mainly consists of ETC and CPC, condenser, inlet water tank, outlet collection jar etc. The CPC (reflector) is used to improve thermal performance of solar desalination system. Further, thermal performance of said solar desalination system has been improved with aluminium foil as CPC (reflector) material. From obtained results, it is concluded that for the climatic conditions of selected location, solar (ETC + CPC) hybrid desalination system could produce 1.5-2 l of fresh water per day and purity is validated as per ISO 12500-2012.