A review of efficient high productivity solar stills

Arunkumar, T.; Raj, Kaiwalya; Rufuss, D. Dsilva Winfred; Denkenberger, David; Guo, Tingting; Li, Xuan; Velraj, R.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.013

Cited by 130 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In this process, the conversion of Cu to CuO is dependent on the change in absolute temperature (1 °C/min). Moreover, the presence of oxygen plays a key role in changing the sphere-like morphological arrangement in CuO [9,11]. The low and high magnifications of the structure of MoO 3 NCAP are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Fe-sem Analysis Of Cuo Moo 3 and Zno Ncapsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The RF power for both MoO 3 and ZnO was 150 W and the distance between the target and substrate was maintained at 50 mm. Likewise, the physical-thermal evaporation method was used to coat the CuO on the SS316 substrates [9,11].…”

Section: Coating Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nano energy (NPs + solar energy) have been used to evaporate the wastewater for desalination [37,39,65,68,69,73]. These nano-enabled materials shift attention back towards the traditional solar-evaporation systems, simply called "solar stills" (SSs) [5-9, 11-13, 40, 42, 46, 53, 55] capable of producing more than 5 l/m 2 day [9,11]. The effect of nano-coated condensation surface was developed to augment the evaporation in the solar still [71].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of CuO, MoO3 and ZnO nanomaterial coated absorbers for clean water production

et al. 2020

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Solar energy is one of the most powerful sources for many sustainable applications. Recently, efficient water distillation has attracted significant attention. The fresh water productivity depends on how efficiently the system harvests the incoming solar energy and converts it into useful heat. In the present work, nano-coated absorber plates (NCAPs) were examined in the single slope solar still (SSSS) for clean water production. The NCAPs were CuO, MoO 3 and ZnO, respectively. The CuO-NCAP was fabricated with the thermal evaporation method while the radio-frequency Magnetron Sputtering technique was used to fabricate the MoO 3 and ZnO NCAPs. The attained particle size of the CuO, MoO 3 and ZnO are 30-34 nm, 25-30 nm and 30-35 nm, respectively. The sphere (CuO), plate (MoO 3), and wedge (ZnO) like morphologies are identified with field emission-scanning electron microscope. All the NCAPs and reference solar still were tested under the same environmental conditions. The climatic parameters (solar influx, ambient temperature and wind) and SSSS's temperatures including water temperature (T w), internal air temperature (T int-air), inner cover (T ic), outer cover (T oc), and absorber plate temperature (T NCAP) were measured at 30 min intervals with the help of Type-J thermocouples. Herein, we present an evaporative heat transfer (h ew), efficiency, and cost analysis of the SSSS with CuO, MoO 3 and ZnO-NCAPs. Three different feed waters fetched from the surface well water, hill side well water and hill side pond water were used in this work for evaporation. The result reveals that the evaporation of conventional single slope solar still, CuO, MoO 3 and ZnO NCAPs were 2.1 l/m 2 day, 2.9 l/m 2 day, 2.7 l/m 2 day and 2.6 l/m 2 day, respectively.

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Section: Fe-sem Analysis Of Cuo Moo 3 and Zno Ncapsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Coating Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of CuO, MoO3 and ZnO nanomaterial coated absorbers for clean water production

et al. 2020

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“…Solar energy is absorbed and converted into thermal energy by a black light‐absorbing liner that is situated at the bottom of the solar basin. [ 10 ] Due to this design, the solar absorber is immersed in bulk seawater and it hardly receives a fraction of the incoming solar radiation owing to poor light penetration through the thick water layer. Furthermore, the produced heat is easily dissipated into the bulk water, and further lost to the surroundings through water surface radiation, convection and conduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Architecting for Salt‐Rejecting Solar Interfacial Desalination to Achieve High‐Performance Evaporation With In Situ Energy Generation

et al. 2020

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requirement has given rise to research thrusts being focused on the development of solar-driven evaporation based desalination technologies. [4][5][6][7] The research on using solar energy in the desalination process has a long history. [3,8,9] In a traditional singleslope basin-like solar still (Figure 1a), saline water is heated and subsequently evaporated by directly exposing to solar radiation. Solar energy is absorbed and converted into thermal energy by a black light-absorbing liner that is situated at the bottom of the solar basin. [10] Due to this design, the solar absorber is immersed in bulk seawater and it hardly receives a fraction of the incoming solar radiation owing to poor light penetration through the thick water layer. Furthermore, the produced heat is easily dissipated into the bulk water, and further lost to the surroundings through water surface radiation, convection and conduction. Due to the above reasons, the resulting solar-tosteam conversion efficiency is inevitably low. Nanoparticle dispersed fluid was then demonstrated to harness solar energy and found to be a great boon to direct water vapor generation. [11,12] A solar conversion efficiency of up to ≈70% can be possibly achieved because heat loss to bulk water is mitigated ( Figure 1b). [13,14] However, research on this advancement didn't last because of the development of solar interfacial heating strategy, which is shown in Figure 1c. The concept of interfacial evaporation was first put forth in 2014 by two reports simultaneously, [15,16] and received a surge of attention and interest immediately in the following years. The most prominent feature of solar interfacial evaporation lies in the position of the solar absorber, which is at the interface between saline liquid and the above air. This special configuration not only minimizes heat loss from the solar absorber to bulk water, but also provides significantly more surface area for prompt vapor release. Also, solar radiation is photothermally localized at the surface of solar absorber, giving rise to high surface temperature, which enables fast heat transfer to water. With it, water transported from reservoir can be heated and evaporated immediately to achieve a higher rate of steam generation. In addition to the differences in heating strategies, it should be noted that all the solar stills follow the same evaporation-condensation route for desalination and clean water collection, and to this end, a similar device structure (e.g., solar still with sloping cover) is usually employed.The past few years have witnessed a rapid development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation, a promising technology for low-cost water desalination. As of today, solar-to-steam conversion efficiencies close to 100% or even beyond the limit are becoming increasingly achievable in virtue of unique photothermal materials and structures. Herein, the cutting-edge approaches are summarized, and their mechanisms for photothermal structure architecting are uncovered in order to achieve ultrahigh conversion e...

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“…The solar still is a simple device which can be made at source of use even by a semi-skilled laborer at an economic cost easily. There are several models of solar stills available like pit, cone and dome solar stills amongst which basin solar still is the most common type of solar still that is being used widely [10]. The primary aim of this work is to develop a cost effective solar still with increased productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on impact of textile material spread over a flat plate absorber on the productivity of modified single-basin solar still

Venkatachalam¹,

Kanimozhi²,

Bhojwani³

2020

THERM SCI

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The solar still is an environmental friendly method of producing distilled water from brackish water to overcome drought. In remote areas, conventional solar still system is used to produce potable water. However, such solar still is not widely used because of its relatively lower water flow rate at outlet. The objective of this work is to improve the outlet flow rate of distilled water that can be produced from a conventional solar still. An investigation has been carried out by incorporating a Formica sheet as an inclined absorber surface into a conventional solar still spread with a textile material. This modified solar still is supplied with brackish water as input in active mode. The flow rate of water into the system is controlled to just wet the textile material spread on the inclined absorber surface. In order to calculate the exact effect of the inclined absorber surface spread with textile material, the modified still is compared with the conventional still. The experimental results indicate that the system temperature has increased significantly which increases outlet flow rate by 80%.

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A review of efficient high productivity solar stills

Cited by 130 publications

References 99 publications

Effect of CuO, MoO3 and ZnO nanomaterial coated absorbers for clean water production

Effect of CuO, MoO3 and ZnO nanomaterial coated absorbers for clean water production

Structure Architecting for Salt‐Rejecting Solar Interfacial Desalination to Achieve High‐Performance Evaporation With In Situ Energy Generation

Experimental study on impact of textile material spread over a flat plate absorber on the productivity of modified single-basin solar still

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