The purpose of this study was to check the efficacy of household microwave oven irradiation in disinfection of dental gypsum casts obtained from patients. Impressions of upper arch of 10 volunteers were made using irreversible hydrocolloid. The casts were poured in type III gypsum. All casts were cut into two halves. One half of each cast was irradiated in a microwave oven , set at 650 W for a total of 3 minutes and the un-irradiated half was used as control. Suspension of casts was inoculated directly on Tryptone Soya Agar plates (TSA) by spread plate method. The inoculated plates were incubated aerobically at 32°C for 48 hours. Colonies grown on the agar plates were counted using a plate count reader. The data is presented as CFU/cast. It was concluded that three minutes microwave irradiation at 650 W is effective to reduce the microbial load of dental casts. Routine use of microwave for disinfection of cast could be recommended and used in between procedures to prevent cross contamination in the dental clinics.

Objective The shape of the condyle, coronoid, and the intervening sigmoid notch is unique due to attachments and direction of pull of temporalis muscle, different chewing habits, hormones, etc. So morphometric variation of these mandibular landmarks can be used in individual identification. Material And Methods The study was carried out on 500 panoramic view images. Visual tracing assisted assessment of thousand sides (left and right) was done. Sexual dimorphism of left and right mandibular ramus parts (sigmoid notch bordered by coronoid and condylar process). The shape of coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch were interpreted. Results The most prevalent shape of sigmoid notch was wide variant (41.2%), condyle was convex type (50%) and coronoid was round (53.4%). Condyle and coronoid showed asymmetry between right and left with p-value 0.001 and 0.019, respectively. This study has illustrated that triangular-shaped coronoid was more in females (p-value 0.012). Conclusion Sexual dimorphism is observed in the shape of the mandible due to masticatory activity at the point of insertion of temporalis muscle, biting force, hormones, and various genetic reasons. The results have exemplified that the morphometric variation of condyle, coronoid and sigmoid notch can be used as a tool for personal identification.

This study aimed to assess the reliability of the android smartphone-based app OneCeph by comparing it with computer cephalometric tracing program Dolphin Imaging software. 50 cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected. On each cephalogram 20 landmarks were marked. 15 parameters indicating skeletal, dental and soft tissue parameters were selected and measured. The values obtained from Dolphin imaging software and the OneCeph app were compared with respect to the assessment of measurements of various parameters by paired t-test. It was observed that four parameters out of the fifteen showed significant differences between Dolphin imaging software and OneCeph app (p<0.05). For all the other parameters selected, no differences were observed between Dolphin and OneCeph digital methods and also there is a significant and positive correlation between the measures obtained from the Dolphin and OneCeph app for each landmark parameter. The results obtained by the OneCeph app showed most parameters are comparable with the Dolphin Imaging software. Therefore, it can be concluded that this app is reliable, user-friendly which facilitates its use by the clinician on a regular basis. This user-friendly OneCeph app can be utilized with sufficient accuracy for the cephalometric analysis of most of the measurements required in day-to-day clinical orthodontic practice.

The first important step in orthodontic treatment is an accurate diagnosis and precise treatment planning to correct the malocclusion. This process entails a proper examination and understanding of the nature of malocclusion and the anomaly of the underlying structures. The emergence of three dimensional (3D) technology has transformed the field of orthodontics. The present article aims to take into account some of the applications of 3D technology in the field of orthodontics.

The fossil fuels are depleting at an alarming rate and as a result its cost is also increasing rapidly. Effect of fossil fuel emissions in the atmosphere is observed more. In this context, effective alternator with suitable changes in the existing CI engine are required. One such alternator is Biodiesel. As literature reveals that usage of Biodiesel in the existing engine will not give the original performance as diesel. Therefore, it is necessary to study the suitable changes that are to be done in the existing engine. Piston Bowl Geometry (PBG) is the major factor in diesel engine, even slight modifications done in the PBG gives the large changes in the fuel consumption rate, Performance, Emissions and combustion parameters. This present article, reviews the detailed study of various Piston Bowl Geometries such as Re-entrant type, Toroidal type, trapezoidal, shallow depth etc.., in relevance with its design, performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. And it also reviews the suitability of modified PBG with Biodiesel fuelled CI engine as compared to existing Hemispherical PBG diesel engine which can be used in future to overcome the problems encountered in petroleum based fuel engines.

Research over the years has shown continuous presence of neutrophilsin our oral cavity both in normal as well as diseased conditions, with varying numbers [2,3]. Quantification of oral polymorphonuclear neutrophil (oral-PMNs) levels and its respective role in absolute periodontal and oral health is very

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the association of gingival biotype and secondary stability of orthodontic mini-implants using resonance frequency analysis. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, each receiving two mini-implants, were divided into two groups; thick and thin gingival biotype based on the thickness of gingiva before mini-implant placement. Implant stability was assessed at the time of placement; at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th month by resonance frequency analysis. Peri-implant soft-tissue conditions were also examined at each month till 4 months interval using periodontal indices. Results: Thick and thin gingival biotype groups showed statistically different implant stability quotient (ISQ). Mini-implants showing signs of failure consistently displayed lesser ISQ. Statistically significant difference was observed in the scores of peri-implant indices of failure and no failure group of mini-implants. Conclusion: Mini-implants in thin gingival biotype are more susceptible to failure and peri-implantitis compared to thick gingival biotype. Longitudinal assessment of mini-implant stability may help predict failure so as to avoid long duration and cost of orthodontic treatment.

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