This study aimed to assess the reliability of the android smartphone-based app OneCeph by comparing it with computer cephalometric tracing program Dolphin Imaging software. 50 cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected. On each cephalogram 20 landmarks were marked. 15 parameters indicating skeletal, dental and soft tissue parameters were selected and measured. The values obtained from Dolphin imaging software and the OneCeph app were compared with respect to the assessment of measurements of various parameters by paired t-test. It was observed that four parameters out of the fifteen showed significant differences between Dolphin imaging software and OneCeph app (p<0.05). For all the other parameters selected, no differences were observed between Dolphin and OneCeph digital methods and also there is a significant and positive correlation between the measures obtained from the Dolphin and OneCeph app for each landmark parameter. The results obtained by the OneCeph app showed most parameters are comparable with the Dolphin Imaging software. Therefore, it can be concluded that this app is reliable, user-friendly which facilitates its use by the clinician on a regular basis. This user-friendly OneCeph app can be utilized with sufficient accuracy for the cephalometric analysis of most of the measurements required in day-to-day clinical orthodontic practice.
Current study aimed to evaluate presence & concentration of salivary molecular pain biomarkers Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) during initial stages of orthodontic treatment and correlation with subjective pain scales, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Consented, healthy-pain free patients (n = 40) undergoing orthodontic therapy, having moderate crowding with pre-molar extraction were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and stored at -80 °C in cryotubes. Levels of CGRP & BDNF in salivary samples was assessed by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were collected under stipulated 5 time periods using saliva collection tube by passive drooling method: immediately after bonding but before wire placement (T0-baseline), after 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), 72 h (T3) & 168 h (T4) after wire placement. Consolidated subjective pain scales were administered concurrently. Regression value (R2 > 0.9) confirmed BDNF & CGRP in saliva. Significant change was observed from baseline to 168 h in all subjective parameters (p < 0.05). CGRP did not correlate with subjective pain scales statistically (p > 0.05). BDNF levels correlated with all the subjective pain scales, NRS (T3-p = 0.0092&T4-p = 0.0064), VRS (T3-p = 0.0112&T4-p = 0.0500), VAS (T3-p = 0.0092 &T4-p = 0.0064) &MPQ (T1-p = 0.0255). Mean BDNF & median subjective pain scale graphs were similar. BDNF correlated with all the subjective pain scales warranting further investigation.Trial registration; Clinical Trial Registry—India (CTRI) Reg No: CTRI/2018/12/016571; Registered 10th December, 2018 (10/12/2018) prospectively; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=29640&EncHid=&userName=Dr%20Sagar%20S%20Bhat.
Demineralization/decalcification of the enamel around orthodontic brackets, seen clinically as white spot lesions, remain a sometimes neglected part of orthodontic care. Even though there are numerous studies on decalcification, most of them are based on subjective evaluation of enamel samples. The various techniques used to determine enamel demineralization associated with orthodontic treatment have not been directly compared and the operator is left with limited choice. Since these techniques have their own limitations, the selection of a protocol for the study of demineralization of enamel should be based on the true merit of the technique and its relevance to the study. Hence, the various methods used to determine demineralization of enamel during orthodontic treatment have been critically evaluated and their application in clinical orthodontics and research discussed. Clinical Relevance: Dental enamel has very limited regenerative capacity; hence prevention of its demineralization is of prime concern to a dentist in general and to an orthodontist specifically. The appearance of white spots/damage to healthy enamel after orthodontic treatment is both unaesthetic and legally questionable. Further, there is a lack of correlation among the various methods suggested to evaluate enamel demineralization. The current article not only summarizes the various methods but also suggests relevant steps to prevent the demineralization of enamel.
Stability of the occlusion after orthodontic treatment is a major goal clinicians set for themselves at the onset of treatment. To achieve this stability, retention becomes a dynamic part of orthodontics. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Begg (wraparound) and Biocryl retainers in the prevention of relapse. Fifty patients with an Angle's Class I bimaxillary occlusion were selected for the study and randomly divided into two retention groups: Group 1 with Begg wraparound retainers and Group 2 with Biocryl retainers. Dental records, including dental casts, OPGs and lateral cephalograms were collected at pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and one year post-retention (T3). The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two retainers, on comparison. However, Biocryl retainers were more effective in maintaining the inclination of lower incisors with respect to NB (Nasion to point B) and lower anterior alignment. Thus, Biocryl retainers are an aesthetic alternative to Begg retainers in the prevention of relapse. Clinical Relevance: Retention is a continuation of orthodontic treatment after removal of the fixed appliance. This study highlighted the importance of retainers in maintenance of orthodontic corrections achieved. In addition it compares two retainers and provides a clinical perspective on the ideal retainer to be used.
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