Wool and poly ( ethylene terephthalate) fabrics and film were treated with low-tem perature plasmas of helium/argon or acetone/argon under atmospheric pressure for 10 to 180 seconds. Although argon itself cannot independently generate a plasma under atmospheric pressure by applying high frequency voltage, it is easily generated by adding a small quantity of helium or acetone to argon gas. Wettability of the fabrics and surface tension of the film increased considerably with the treatment within 30 seconds. ESCA analysis was used to elucidate the surface chemical composition of fibers treated with atmospheric low-temperature plasma. Relative O1 s intensity in creased considerably and oxygen was incorporated in the form of —CO— and —COO— on the fiber surface. From these results, it appears that low-temperature plasma by atmospheric pressure discharge is effective for modifying the polymer surface, as it acts in the same fashion as low-temperature plasma by glow discharge.
Merino wool top was treated with low-temperature plasmas of helium/ argon and acetone/argon under atmospheric pressure for 30 seconds and then dyed with two leveling-type acid dyes, CI acid orange 7 and CI acid red 18, and two milling-type acid dyes, CI acid blue 113 and CI acid blue 83. Dyeing rate and saturation dye exhaustion increased with the atmospheric low-temperature plasma treatments as with the dyeing of wools pretreated with low-temperature plasma by glow discharge of O2 and CF4. In particular, helium/ argon plasma was much more effective than acetone / argon plasma at improving dyeing properties, except for CI acid blue 113.
Wool and nylon 6 fibres treated with oxygen low‐temperature plasma were dyed with acid and basic dyes. Despite the increase of electronegativity of the fibre surface caused by the plasma treatment, the rate of dyeing of wool was increased with both dyes, while that of nylon 6 was decreased with the acid dye and increased with the basic dye.
Cotton fabrics and cellulose films treated with fluorocarbon resin (Asahi Guard AG-480 ) with and without crosslinking agents (isocyanate blocked copolymer and aziridine) were washed and subsequently heat treated. Water repellency of the fabrics decreased with washing and recovered with heat treatment. The decreased water re pellency with washing was controlled by using the resin with a crosslinking agent. To investigate surface tension and surface chemical composition of the fabrics after washing and subsequent heat treatment, the contact angle to water and critical surface tension of the films were measured along with an ESCA analysis of the fabrics. Adding cross linking agents to the fluorocarbon resin treatment controlled the decrease in F1s intensity and the increase in O1s intensity with subsequent washing.
Both scoured and sodium hydroxide mercerised cotton fibres have been treated with liquid ammonia atndash33.4°C using commercial operating equipment and then the ammonia removed at 130°C in a hot drum. The moisture regain and water absorbency of the fibres treated with liquid ammonia were increased compared with values on untreated fibres, whereas both these parameters on mercerised cotton fibres were decreased by subsequent liquid ammonia treatment. The fibres were dyed with CI Direct Red 2 and CI Direct Blue 1. Liquid ammonia treatment of the scoured cotton fibres increased the rate of dyeing, equilibrium dye adsorption, standard affinity, heat of dyeing and change of entropy, while the dyeing properties of mercerised cotton were adversely affected by subsequent liquid ammonia treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.