We report a novel ionic liquid (IL)-mediated transcutaneous vaccine formulation consisting of a solid-in-oil nanodispersion of antigen coated with pharmaceutically accepted surfactants dispersed in IL-containing oil. The introduction of IL in the formulation significantly enhanced the skin permeability of ovalbumin, a model antigen.
Oxygen-deficient TiO 2 (TiO 2%x ) has been proposed as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. TiO 2%x thin films were prepared by Ar/H 2 plasma surface treatment, applying varying levels of microwave input power and processing times. The highest visible light photocatalytic activity was observed when using an input power of 200 W, a plasma processing time of 10 min, and a 1 : 1 Ar : H 2 ratio, conditions that generate an electron temperature of 5.7(+1.0) eV and an electron density of 8.5 ' 10 10 cm %3 . The maximum formaldehyde (HCHO) removal rate of the TiO 2%x film was 2.6 times higher than that obtained from a TiO 2%x N x film under the same test conditions.
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