Subcritical water extraction is one of the green ways to isolate plants biomass components. In this work, it has been applied as a media to extract β-glucan from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The extractions were carried out at temperatures of 130-170 o C and a pressures of 10-40 MPa, using a semi-batch system. UV-vis spectra of liquid fraction products showed a high content of hemicelluloses, including glucan compounds. Results of FT-IR spectra analysis showed that β-glucan has been extracted from barley grains after subcritical water treatment. The elemental analysis showed that dehydration and decarboxylation occurred during subcritical water extraction of barley grains at these conditions. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight of water-soluble products were approximately 500 Da to 1167 kDa. To improve the extraction process, the CO 2 was added. At the same extraction time, the yield of β-glucan in the liquid fraction products increased clearly with the presence of CO 2 .

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Subcritical water is an environmentally friendly method with a wide range of applications, such as extraction, hydrolysis, and wet oxidation of organic compounds. Here, water at subcritical conditions was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) and barley grains at 120 -180 o C and 4.0 MPa using a semi-batch system. The liquid products were directly micronized and contacted with hot air to form microsphere particles. During extraction process, cell wall disruptions of G. lucidum and barley grains took place, allowing the removal of the polysaccharides isolating other constituents in G. lucidum and barley grains via autohydrolysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images described that the particle products produced had sphere and wrinkled morphology of particles with diameters varying from 1 to 10 µm. The experimental result revealed that the particles formed from G. lucidum and barley grains extract contained 40-45% and 30-35% weight β-glucan, respectively.

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