No abstract

The impact of rotavirus (RV) vaccination in reducing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in outpatient settings was prospectively surveyed in three pediatric clinics in Shibata City. In children younger than 3 years of age, the occurrence of severe RVGE among all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was found to be significantly lower in three seasons after introduction of RV vaccines, compared to that in 2011, before introduction of RV vaccines. The incidence rates of severe RVGE among children younger than 3 years of age were found to be reduced by 71.2%, 47.7%, and 81.1% for 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, compared to that in 2011. These results suggest that the RV vaccination is effective for the prevention of severe RVGE in Japanese voluntary RV vaccination settings with estimated coverage rates of 32.5%, 40.5% and 47.1% for 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. It is expected that the reducing effect on severe RVGE would be persistently established by increasing the vaccine coverage rates.

We developed the world smallest OLED microdisplay projection device. This device consists of just 2 parts which a high‐brightness Microdisplay based Organic Light Emitting diodes on a silicon backplane panel (M‐OLED) ( 1,000,000 [cd/m2] ) and an optimal lens (F/1.1) for the self‐emitting projection device. This high‐ brightness M‐OLED is used 2 key technologies. The first is a supplying the photoexitation potential to multiple emitting layers in OLED using by the new pixel transistor (Tr.) that can withstand very high voltage in 7.8 pm pixel. The second is the controlling light divergence angle from each self‐emitting pixel that made using micro optical resonance effect from cathode until anode electrode in OLED and the optimized micro lens (ML) for each pixel. Next, we evaluated the relationship between the light divergence angle from M‐OLED and F number (Fno.) of the projection lens and we found parameters and a specific method for controlling the light efficiency of the self‐emitting projection device. Based on the results of these fundamental studies, we established a design methodology for the self‐emitting projection device with high efficiency, and we realized the world smallest self‐emitting projection device (W 10 /D 11 /H 6 (mm)).

In Japan, rotavirus (RV) vaccines have already been introduced but not used for universal vaccination as of 2018. Therefore, we identified cases of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children younger than three years of age and investigated the occurrence of infection before and after the introduction of RV vaccines. An ecological study through prospective surveillance was conducted in four pediatric clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, during the 2011 to 2018 RVGE epidemic seasons. We divided the study period into three eras: pre-vaccine introduction era (2011), low-mid coverage transitional era (2012 to 2014, RV vaccine coverage rate: 32.9-56.5%), and high coverage plateau era (2015 to 2018, 67.7-81.7%). In this study, the incidence rate of severe RVGE was significantly lower in the plateau era than in the pre-vaccine introduction and transitional eras. Furthermore, the hospitalization rate due to RVGE in Shibata City was lower in the plateau era than in the pre-vaccination introduction and transitional eras. The number of hospitalizations due to RVGE in subjects who required or did not require intravenous rehydration at the pediatric clinics significantly decreased with the increase in vaccine coverage rates by more than 70% in the plateau era.