Occurrence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children younger than three years of age before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine: a prospective observational study in four pediatric clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Oishi, Tomohiro; Matsunaga, Masamichi; Nakano, Tamaki; Sudo, Shoji; Kuwajima, Hiroaki; Tokuriki, Shuko; Study, Shibata Rvge

doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1720435

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The incidence of severe RVGE was 77.1 (per 1,000 children – years) at clinics. 12 As shown in Figure 3 , there were some differences in the number of hospitalizations for RVGE between the pre-vaccination eras. Therefore, it is difficult to assert whether there was a difference in the incidence rate of severe RVGE at clinics between the pre-vaccination and transient eras using only the 2011 data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Changes in vaccine coverage and incidence of acute gastroenteritis and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Oishi,

Hasegawa,

Nakano

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rotavirus (RV) vaccines were first introduced in 2011 and adopted for universal vaccination in 2020 in Japan. However, the effectiveness of RV vaccines after being adopted for universal vaccination in 2020 has not been reported. Because of the easy accessibility of clinics in Japan, many children are not usually hospitalized for RV gastroenteritis (RVGE). Therefore, in order to evaluate the impact of the RV vaccine since 2008, we investigated the incidence of hospitalization for RVGE as well as the frequency of children aged < 5 years who received medical treatment for severe RVGE at clinics in Shibata City, Japan. The RV vaccine coverage rate was 94.0% (1,046/1,113) in Shibata City after universal vaccination in 2020; this was a significant increase from previous rates. The incidence per 1000 person – years for RVGE hospitalization and severe RVGE at clinics were significantly higher among children aged < 3 years than in previous time periods. The incidence in children with all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) decreased significantly after universal vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of severe RVGE among all AGE cases also decreased significantly after universal vaccination among children aged < 3 years (0.0%) and those aged 3–4 years (0.6%). There were significant differences in the distribution of RV genotypes isolated from the feces of children with RVGE between different eras divided by RV vaccination rates, especially G1P[8], which was the major genotype before it recently almost disappeared. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The RV vaccine was adopted as part of the universal vaccination schedule in October 2020 in Japan, after our last report. 12 No similar studies have been conducted in children under 5 years of age. Therefore, we investigated the impact of the RV vaccine in children <5 years of age after universal vaccination in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in vaccine coverage and incidence of acute gastroenteritis and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Oishi,

Hasegawa,

Nakano

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…A previous study indicated that the number of hospitalized patients with rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis decreased with >70% the rotavirus vaccine coverage rate, whereas a further increase in the coverage rate was needed to control the infection because the total number of patients with gastroenteritis in the study did not change markedly after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. 11 The estimated herd-immunity threshold for mumps ranges from 88% to 92%. 12 The presumptive coverage rates of both rotavirus and mumps during the investigation period were not high enough to control the infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in voluntary vaccination coverage in a Japanese city

Hoshina

Kawase

Watanabe

et al. 2021

Pediatrics International

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Background: Large numbers of patients with diseases preventable by voluntary vaccines have been reported in Japan. However, it is difficult to analyze the impact of voluntary vaccination on disease prevention, as governments do not aggregate the number of recipients of vaccines that are not included in the national immunization program. This study investigated the association between the coverage rates of two voluntary vaccines (rotavirus and mumps vaccines) and the incidence of the diseases preventable by these vaccines. Methods: We performed a prospective questionnaire-based observational study to investigate the presumptive coverage rates of the rotavirus vaccine in infancy and the mumps vaccine at 1 year of age in Kitakyushu City from 2015 to 2018. The number of children admitted to a secondary medical institution for rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis and the incidence of mumps infection in sentinel medical institutions were also analyzed during the investigation period. Results: The rotavirus and mumps vaccine coverage rates since 2016 were 61-63% and late 28-30%, respectively (52.6% and 20.3% in 2015, respectively). The yearly number of children hospitalized for rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis from 2015 to 2018 declined by 41.4% compared with that during the pre-vaccination period (2009)(2010)(2011). The incidence of mumps infection remained unchanged during the investigation period. Conclusion:The coverage rates of two voluntary vaccines were not high enough to control the infections. The incorporation of voluntary vaccines into the routine immunization program should be considered as the one of the effective ways to increase vaccination coverage.

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Rotavirus genotypes and clinical outcome of natural infection based on vaccination status in the post-vaccine era

Kozawa

Higashimoto

Kawamura

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. In Japan, Rotarix (RV1; GlaxoSmithKline), which is a monovalent vaccine derived from human RV (G1P[8]), has been introduced since November 2011, and RotaTeq (RV5; MSD) which is an pentavalent, human-bovine mono-reassortant vaccine (G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A[8]), has been introduced since July 2012. Long-term follow-up on vaccine efficacy and RV genotypical change should be carried out in order to control RV infection. The RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) outbreak occurred during the 2018/2019 season in Aichi prefecture, Japan. Therefore, the molecular epidemiology of RV among three different groups of RVGE, which were outpatients who received RV1, those who received RV5, and those without vaccination, was explored. Clinical features of RVGE patients were compared among the three patient groups. Children less than 15 years of age with gastroenteritis who visited any of seven pediatric practices between January and June 2019 were enrolled in the study. G, P, and E genotypes were determined by direct sequencing of reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction products amplified from stool samples. Among 110 patients, there were 27, 28, and 55 in the RV1-vaccinated, RV5-vaccinated, and unvaccinated groups, respectively. The most frequent genotype was G8P[8] (92/110 patients, 83.6%). Genotype distributions did not significantly differ among the three patient groups ( P = .125). Mean Vesikari score was significantly lower among RV1-vaccinated (7.1) and RV5-vaccinated patients (6.4) than among unvaccinated patients (10.2) ( P < .001). Even in RVGE patients treated in an outpatient clinic, RV vaccine reduced the severity of the disease in this cohort.

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Occurrence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children younger than three years of age before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine: a prospective observational study in four pediatric clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Changes in vaccine coverage and incidence of acute gastroenteritis and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Changes in vaccine coverage and incidence of acute gastroenteritis and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Trends in voluntary vaccination coverage in a Japanese city

Rotavirus genotypes and clinical outcome of natural infection based on vaccination status in the post-vaccine era

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