Tubo-ovarian torsion is infrequent diagnosis, clinical picture is nonspecific and children cannot articulate their symptoms which make diagnosis as a challenge. High index of suspicious and early intervention prevents damage to adnexal tissue.

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of most common nosocomial infection and prolonged bladder catheterization is frequent cause. These infections increase hospital stay of patients, morbidity and financial burden. This study was performed to determine rate of catheter induce bacteriuria, most common organisms isolated, rate of bacteriuria associated with duration of catheterization and type of surgery (Elective or Emergency).Methods: This is prospective observational study done over a period of one year from 2015 January to 2016 January and 599 patients enrolled. The variables studied are rate of catheter induce bacteriuria, most common organisms isolated, rate of bacteriuria associated with duration of catheterization and type of surgery (Elective or Emergency).Results: Rate of catheter induce bacteriuria was 34.5%, most common organisms isolated were E. coli, Enteroccocus, MR CONS, Candida albicans, Klebsiella, streptococci. Bacteriuria was 10.5% when duration of catheterization was less than 12 hrs and 73.9% when duration of catheterization was more than 36 hrs. Also, bacteriuria was more in emergency cases.Conclusions: It is better to avoid catheterization, duration of catheterization should be reduced so that it reduces catheter induced bacteriuria and associated morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and financial burden.