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Microbes are a huge contributor to people’s health around the world since they produce a lot of beneficial secondary metabolites. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic bacteria cosmopolitan in nature. Adaptability of cyanobacteria to wide spectrum of environment can be contributed to the production of various secondary metabolites which are also therapeutic in nature. As a result, they are a good option for the development of medicinal molecules. These metabolites could be interesting COVID-19 therapeutic options because the majority of these compounds have demonstrated substantial pharmacological actions, such as neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6, and HIV-1. They have been reported to produce a single metabolite active against wide spectrum of microbes like Fischerella ambigua produces ambigols active against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Similarly, Moorea producens produces malygomides O and P, majusculamide C and somocystinamide which are active against bacteria, fungi and tumour cells, respectively. In addition to the above, Moorea sp. produce apratoxin A and dolastatin 15 possessing anti cancerous activity but unfortunately till date only brentuximab vedotin (trade name Adcetris), a medication derived from marine peptides, for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma has been approved by FDA. However, several publications have effectively described and categorised cyanobacterial medicines based on their biological action. In present review, an effort is made to categorize cyanobacterial metabolites on the basis of their phycochemistry. The goal of this review is to categorise cyanobacterial metabolites based on their chemical functional group, which has yet to be described.

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This paper introduces a cascaded packed U cell (CPUC) multilevel converter (MLC) to achieve a higher-level count in converter voltage with a minimum number of switches. Here, two five-level PUC topologies are connected in a cascaded manner to obtain twenty-five levels in its output converter voltage. The switch count in CPUC is reduced to 12, as compared to the number of semiconductor devices used for obtaining 25 levels in converter output. A binary-quintuple progression is used for selection of voltage ratios between DC voltage sources, and capacitors. CPUC is operated at low-frequency switching, using the nearest level modulation technique (NLMT). The fundamental switching frequency ensures reduced switching losses as compared to pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes. The converter performance is analyzed for grid-tied and standalone applications. The performance parameters such as total harmonic distortion (THD) of converter voltage and THD of grid/load current are examined. The CPUC configuration is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and test results are taken using OPAL-RT test bench. The acquired simulation and test results confirm viability, practicability, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of CPUC-MLI converter over existing MLC topologies for efficient power conversion.

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Introduction: Gingival depigmentation is a surgical procedure done to eliminate or reduce gingival hyperpigmentation. Various techniques are employed such as scalpel de-epithelization, gingivectomy, electrosurgery, use of chemical agents, cryosurgery, and lasers. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of laser and electrosurgical procedure in reducing gingival pigmentation in terms of pain, wound healing, and recurrence of melanin pigmentation. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted on 40 subjects affected by melanin pigmentation. Group I patients were treated with electrosurgery and Group II patients with diode laser procedure. Evaluation for pain was done intraoperatively, 24 hours and 7 days using VAS. Wound healing and recurrence of pigmentation was assessed at one month and three months. Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups for pain assessment at 7 days with P > 0.001. Both electrosurgery and laser group showed significant differences between intraoperative time period to 24 hours and 24 hours to 7 days at P < 0.001 for pain. Conclusion: Esthetic demands necessitate cosmetic gingival depigmentation procedure. Laser diode photoablation proves to be an effective and reliable technique in achieving the same.

We investigate the influence of a time-periodic driving (for example, by shining circularly polarized light) on three-dimensional Weyl and multi-Weyl semimetals, in the planar Hall and planar thermal Hall set-ups. We incorporate the effects of the drive by using the Floquet formalism in the large frequency limit. We evaluate the longitudinal magneto conductivity, planar Hall conductivity, longitudinal thermo-electric coefficient, and transverse thermo-electric coefficient, using the semi-classical Boltzmann transport equations. We demonstrate the explicit expressions of these transport coefficients in certain limits of the parameters, where it is possible to perform the integrals analytically. We cross-check our analytical approximations by comparing the physical values with the numerical results, obtained directly from the numerical integration of the integrals. The answers obtained show that the topological charges of the corresponding semimetals have profound signatures in these transport properties, which can be observed in experiments. Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Model and Formalism 3 A. Boltzmann Formalism 4 B. Time-periodic Driving 4 III. Longitudinal and Transverse Magneto-Conductivities 5 IV. Longitudinal and Transverse Thermo-Electric Coefficients 9 V. Discussions and Physical Interpretation of the Results 13