Quantum scrambling measured by out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has an important role in understanding the physics of black holes and evaluating quantum chaos. It is known that Rydberg atom has been a general interest due to its extremely favourable properties for building a quantum simulator. Fast and efficient quantum simulators can be developed by studying quantum scrambling in related systems. Here we present a general quantum circuit to theoretically implement an interferometric protocol which is a technique proposed to measure OTOC functions. We apply this circuit to measure OTOC and hence the quantum scrambling in a simulation of a 1-D Ising spin model for Rydberg atom. We apply this method to both initial product and entangled states to compare the scrambling of quantum information in both cases. Finally we discuss other constructions where this technique can
Aluminium metal matrix composites(AMCs) is widely used in the industrial applications right now. Aluminum metal matrix composites have properties that no other monolithic material can match. Due to their superior strength to conventional materials, aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have a broad variety of industrial applications. The nature of reinforcing, that can take the form of constant or undefined fibres, has a big influence on the properties of aluminum metal matrix composites. Thus it depends on the fabrication methods for aluminium matrix composites, which are influenced by a number of factors including the type of reinforcement and matrix used, its required degree with surface morphology integrity, as well as physical, mechanical, electro-chemical, and thermal properties. This article provides an overview of the manufacturing processes and different reinforcing elements used during the synthesis of Al-MMCs. Generally, the reinforced particles like carbides, nitrides, and compounds of oxides are used. This paper gives a brief overview on various methods that are beung used to manufacture aluminium metal matrix composites. The present study offers a description of the synthesis, mechanical behaviour, and utilisation of aluminium metal matrix composites. The main processing methods for making or production of aluminium metal matrix composites(AMCs) are thoroughly discussed. Finally, questions of commercialization as well as business issues are also discussed.
In earlier days, welding only involves joining two metals of same kind and dissimilar metals were usually joined by fasteners. Friction Stud welding is a true engineering marvel of making welds between dissimilar metals without any melting or fillers involved. The friction stud welding doesn’t involve heat generation from electricity and it is purely based on friction. Besides these facts the friction stud welding has numerous advantage and applications. This paper focuses on the process of stud welding, application and its limitations.
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