Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which difficulty in social interaction skills and performing limited and stereotyped activities are among its symptoms. This study aims to determine the effect of Son-Rise and Floor Time programs on social interaction skills and stereotyped behaviors in children with ASD. The present study was a Clinical Trial. The participant were 60 children with ASD who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (Son-Rise intervention, Floor-Time intervention, and control group with routine occupational therapy interventions). For data gathering, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Social Skills Profile were used, respectively. For data analysis, repeated measures and analysis of variance were used (two-way between and within- subjects). The results of data analysis showed that Son-Rise and Floor Time programs had a positive effect on social interaction skills of children with ASD, and reduced stereotyped behaviors of these children; Also, there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of Son-Rise and Floor-Time programs on social interaction skills and stereotyped behavior in the post-test, which is more effective in the Floor Time compared to Son-Rise program.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease. The etiology of OA is considered to be multifactorial. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for OA, and the existing treatments are not very effective. Hypercholesterolemia is considered a novel risk factor for the development of OA. Statins act as a competitive inhibitor of the β‐hydroxy β‐methylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase and are widely used to manage hypercholesterolemia. Inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase results in reduced synthesis of a metabolite named mevalonate, thereby reducing cholesterol biosynthesis in subsequent steps. By this mechanism, statins such as atorvastatin and simvastatin could potentially have a preventive impact on joint cartilage experiencing osteoarthritic deterioration by reducing serum cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin can protect cartilage degradation following interleukin‐1β‐stimulation. Atorvastatin stimulates the STAT1‐caspase‐3 signaling pathway that was shown to be responsible for its anti‐inflammatory effects on the knee joint. Simvastatin had chondroprotective effects on OA in vitro by reducing matrix metalloproteinases expression patterns. In this study, we tried to review the therapeutic effects of statins on OA.
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful gene-editing technology. Extensive scientific data exist that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can target small, non-coding, active RNA molecules including microRNAs [miRNAs]. miRNAs have been recognized as key regulators of different cell biological processes, such as modulation of fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the regulation of cardiomyocytes. Also, it has been demonstrated that miRNAs strongly affect organ evolution and the concentration of miRNAs can involve in the differentiation, development, and function of different organs. In addition, the current findings clearly indicate that miRNAs can select and control their targets based on their own concentrations. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology is a stronger system for stopping miRNAs than previous methods including antisense inhibitors. CRISPR/Cas9 tools can be used to eliminate small areas of DNA and determine miRNA in cases where similar groups of miRNAs are in the same strand. Herein, besides other emerging strategies we critically summarize the recent investigations linking miRNA-targeted therapeutics and CRISPR/Cas9 system, to precisely clarify and combine different delivery platforms and cell-fate engineering of miRNAs function and miRNA-based therapeutic intervention in cardiac development, function, and disease. Based on our findings from the literature, it appears that the use of the CRISPR/Cas technology provides new perspectives for understanding the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular disease and can be effective in the treatment and control of cardiac development, function, and disease in the future.
Background: In 2019, acute respiratory syndrome related to COVID-19 occurred as a global epidemic problem. The COVID-19 pathogenesis method is by using enzyme 2-converting enzyme angiotensin ACE2, which infects host cells, which is resulted in some organs, involving the lungs, heart, kidneys and intestines According to reports from the first signs of involvement of the cardiovascular system in various forms, the involvement of Cardiovascular injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19 disease. Methods: In this study with help of medical science database (Scopus, PubMed and etc.) for gathering of basic information and recent reports of COVID-19 disease in all over the world. All the data collected from the databases were identified and evaluated so that the evidence could be fully reported and ultimately a general conclusion could be reached. Results: Cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19, could be caused by several mechanisms, some of which overlap, e.g., IL-6 and inflammation. Direct viral cardiomyocyte invasion, with unopposed angiotensin II effects, immune activation, microvascular dysfunction, or increased metabolic demand, could contribute to the to heart damage. Conclusion: COVID-19, in turn, can exacerbate cardiovascular damage Along with other symptoms of for COVID-19. If care services, medical and treatment facilities, as well as the care team provide the required care and treatment in a timely manner, it will lead to the reduction of mortality rate.
Introduction and objectives Aneurysms are distinguished by inflammation, matrix degradation, and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells. In this study, specialized aneurysms tissue markers including venous and arterial aneurysms were studied. Material and methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted throughout January–September 2021. Tissue samples were collected during surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains, have been utilized to identify different aneurysm types and the morphologic alterations that serve as the foundation for aneurysm diagnosis. Measurement of collagen type III, IV, CCR2, metalloproteinase (2 and 13), and granzyme K was done by ELISA method. Results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by t tests (Graph Pad Prism 8.4.3.686) Results During the period from January to September 2021, 14 patients with peripheral venous and arterial aneurysms were referred to Alavi Vascular Surgery Hospital and underwent surgery. Of these, 10 patients were matched and remained available for study. The level of type 3 collagen was significantly reduced in arterial aneurysm compared to venous aneurysm ( p < 0.05). Granzyme K in arterial aneurysm showed increase compared to venous aneurysm ( p < 0.05). Metalloproteinase 2 in arterial aneurysms higher than venous aneurysm ( p < 0.001). Metalloproteinase 13 in arterial aneurysm also showed increase compared to venous aneurysm ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Results of this study shows differences in the level of tissue biomarkers in arterial and vein (arteriovenous fistula) aneurysms.
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