Background: Gynaecological malignancies are the second most common cancer of females after cancer breast. Gynaecological malignancies contribute significantly to cancer burden and have a higher rate of mortality and morbidity. Carcinoma cervix is the commonest gynaecological malignancy in developing countries while in developed countries, ovarian cancer is the commonest. Comprehensive statistics on gynecologic malignancies reported from Bangladesh are deficient. This study was performed to ascertain the profile of gynecologic cancers reported at our center regarding demography, the frequency of involvement at various sites, clinical presentation, incidence, histologic subtypes and stage at presentation. Methods: This is a retrospective study where the records of the Departments of Gynecology and Pathology at Enam Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were retrospectively reviewed to identify all cases of Gynecologic malignancies and to determine the pattern of gynaecological malignancies identified between January 2015 and December, 2018. Results: Cervical cancer (53%) was the most common gynaecological malignancy, followed by ovarian cancer (29%), uterine cancer (8%), vulvar cancer (5%) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN 5%). In the case of cervical and ovarian cancer the most common age group was 41-50 years and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN). The majority of patients presented at the ages of 31-40 years while uterine cancer presented in the elderly (>60 years). Among the patients studied 88% were multiparous. Of the cervical cancer cases, 96.22% was squamous cell carcinoma and commonest presenting complains were contact bleeding (33.96%) and excessive and irregular menstruation (26.41%). Among ovarian tumor cases 69% had epithelial while 31% had non-epithelial cancer and predominant complaint was abdominal distension (86.21%). Squamous cell carcinoma was 100% in vulva while endometrial adenocarcinoma (87.5%) was more frequent in uterus and commonest complain was postmenopausal bleeding (75%). For gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN)

Cockroaches are among the most common pests in public dwellings and health facilities. Owing to their close association with man and all his surroundings they are considered aspotential carrier and transmitter of human diseases. In hospital, cockroaches are the possible vector of nosocomial infection, specially for the transmission of drug resistant bacteria. The aim of the present study was to identify the major cockroach species, to isolate common foodborne pathogens from cockroach and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria. This case control study was conducted on cockroaches captured from hospital, restaurants and houses in Dhaka city, from a period of July to December 2014. A total of 450 cockroaches were collected. Among these 300 cockroaches (150 from hospital and 150 from restaurants) were considered as case and 150 cockroaches from houses were enrolled as control group. All (100%) cockroaches were identified as Blattellagermanica. Examination of external surface and gut homogenates showed that all (100%) cockroaches carried bacteria, while carriage rate of fungi and parasites were 28.2% and 3.7% respectively. Of 1901 isolated bacteria, Escherichia coli (15.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.4%) and Salmonella spp. (12.9%) were the predominant bacteria. Other bacteria of medical relevance included, Shigella spp. (6.4%), Klebsiella spp. (8.8%), Proteus spp. (9.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.3%). Antibiotic resistance pattern showed high resistance rate (62.4%) of bacterial isolates to different antibiotics. Additionally, 1051(55.3%) of the isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR) strains, which were resistant to 5-14 antibiotics. The findings of this study revealed that cockroaches are potential source of pathogenic microorganisms including multi drug resistant bacterial strains, which could be a major threat to public health. Hence, effective preventive and control measures are required to minimize cockroach related infections.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered by clinicians particularly in developing countries. Current knowledge on antimicrobial resistance pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the present study was to identify the causative organisms for UTI and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms causing UTI. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, from a period of January 2014 to December 2014. Results: Out of 2136 clinical sample of urine, 430 (20.1%) showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli was the commonest urinary pathogen (76.3%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (7.9%), Proteus spp. (7.2%), Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp. (1.9% each) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.6%). Isolated uropathogens showed highest resistance for Amoxycillin (86%-97%) and Cefradin (71%-100%), resistance rate for other commonly used antimicrobial agents was high; Cefixime (52%-85%), Ceftriaxone (50%-71%), Ciprofloxacin (50%-88%), Cotrimoxazole (50%-75%), Gentamicin (57%-75%) and Nitrofurantoin (43%-100%), while uropathogens were least resistant to Imipenem (0%-15%) and Amikacin (0%-29%). Conclusion: Due to high degree of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials to treat UTI, routine monitoring and evaluation studies should be conducted to update physicians’ knowledge about most effective antibiotics for treatment of UTI. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 13-18

Coll. 2015; 24(2) : 86-91.

Fifty-four women were examined 3 to 6 months after hysterectomy, with General Health Questionnaire and DSM-IV to find out the psychiatric morbidity. 38.8% women had psychiatric disorder, which is higher than general population. Depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were the common psychiatric diagnosis. To minimize the psychiatric complications, it was suggested that the women should undergo counseling before and after the operation to minimize the psychiatric complications.

not availableBangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 85-88, January 2015

not availableBangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 73-84, January 2015

Objective:The objective of this study was to optimize dose of levothyroxine (LT4) based on lean body mass (LBM) in young athyrotic patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid (DCT) which has not been properly addressed in Bangladesh before.Materials and Methods:Sixty patients with DCT (age, range: 20-39 years) having total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablative therapy (RIT) and 23 euthyroid volunteers were recruited. Clinical, biochemical parameters were obtained from all patients after 2 months of RIT and on LT4 replacement at a dose of 200 μg/day as first follow up visit and also from control subjects. Then 60 patients were divided into two groups consisting of 30 patients each. Patients of Group-I received LT4 replacement based on LBM measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Group-II continued LT4 replacement in conventional dose. Patients of both groups were assessed again for same parameters at 6 to 12 months at the second visit.Results:Optimized dose of LT4 based on LBM by DXA (131 ±23 μg/day) significantly reduced thyroid hormones and kept thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in expected levels in patients of Group-I at the second visit compared to patients of Group-II who continued conventional LT4 dose (200 μg/day). Hyperthyroid symptom scale (HSS) was significantly reduced to 2 ± 1 in patients of Group-I but not in patients of Group-II, HSS, 8 ±1 (P > 0.001).Conclusion:Optimization of LT4 dose based on LBM can avoid chronic exposure of mild excess of thyroid hormone in young patients with low risk DCT.