No abstract

This study demonstrates a positive correlation between Ki-67 index and overall survival in patients with GB. Percentage staining of Ki-67 < 22% appears to predict for poorer survival in GB.

Summary Adequate coverage of sites harbouring potential microscopic disease is paramount, where the clinical decision has been made to include regional lymph node radiotherapy for patients with breast cancer. This must be achieved in balance with minimising dose to normal tissues. Several international consensus guidelines detailing clinical target volumes (CTVs) are available, but there is currently no agreement as to which is most appropriate for a given clinical situation. Contouring guidelines are beneficial for routine practice and essential for clinical trial quality assurance. The aims of this study were as follows: to provide a single point of comparison of four commonly used contouring guidelines, including one used in a current Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial; and to undertake a systematic review of existing studies which map sites of breast cancer recurrence against contouring guidelines. Two international consensus guidelines (European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) were compared with two clinical trial guidelines (TROG 12.02 PET LABRADOR and the Proton/Photon trial NCT02603341 RADCOMP). Comprehensive literature search for patterns of failure studies was undertaken using Embase and Pubmed. We detail the small but significant differences between the breast consensus guidelines, particularly the supraclavicular (SCF) and internal mammary chain CTVs. Seven series were found mapping recurrence patterns. These results are discussed in the context of the contouring guidelines. Several studies found the SCF CTV is the area at greatest risk of geographical ‘miss’. This review will facilitate further discussion about guideline selection and modification, particularly for future clinical trials in Australia and New Zealand.

Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest of the world is located in Bangladesh and India.  Studies done on the diversity of fish fauna in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh are sparse and patchy.  Here we take the opportunity to provide an updated checklist of the fishes of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh based on primary and secondary data.  Field surveys were undertaken in the aquatic habitat of Sundarbans core area along with its adjacent marine habitat from June 2015 to July 2017.  Based on published information and primary observations the updated list of fishes covers a total of 322 species belonging to 217 genera, 96 families, and 22 orders.  Additionally, four species of fishes, are newly reported in Bangladesh waters, viz., Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899; Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915; Carangoides hedlandensis Whitley, 1934; Uranoscopus cognatus Cantor, 1849.  The global IUCN Red List status of each species has been enlisted.  The updated checklist will constitute the reference inventory of fish biodiversity for the Sundarbans, a natural world heritage site.

No abstract

The findings of the present study suggests that positive family history of breast cancer and history of using OCP may be the epigenetic factors promoting the occurrence of breast cancer while breastfeeding reduces the possibility of acquiring breast cancer.

No abstract

No abstract