BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL) is a failure of hippocampal inversion that occurs during normal fetal development and has been seen on MR imaging examinations of people with epilepsy, but it has not been studied in patients without epilepsy. We intended to evaluate the prevalence of HIMAL in MR imaging examinations of patients without seizures to better understand the significance of HIMAL in the population with seizure.

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The incidence of delayed neurological deterioration after MHI with ICH is low and usually occurs within 24 hours after admission. It results in significant morbidity and mortality if it is the result of progressive intracranial hemorrhage. Further research is needed to identify risk factors that can allow early detection and improve outcomes in these patients.

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Background Left‐hemispheric strokes are more frequent and often have a worse outcome than their right‐hemispheric counterparts. This study aimed to evaluate whether cardioembolic stroke laterality is affected by anatomical characteristics of the aortic arch. We hypothesized that laterality varies between patients with bovine versus standard arch. Methods and Results We retrospectively identified 1598 acute cardioembolic strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation from our institutional stroke database (2009–2017). Inclusion criteria were acute anterior circulation ischemic infarct and availability of both arch and brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography). Alternative causes of stroke and anomalous arch were excluded. Imaging was reviewed for stroke characterization and laterality and arch branching pattern. Bovine arch denotes a common origin of the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery. Strokes were classified as bilateral (left or right). Univariate analysis was performed using chi‐square tests. The final cohort comprised 615 patients, mean age 77 years ( SD 11.8 years) with 376 women (61%) and 33% white, 30% black, and the remainder mixed/Hispanic. Standard arch (n=424) stroke distribution was left 43.6% (185), right 45.1% (191), and bilateral 11.3% (48). Bovine arch (n=191) stroke distribution was left 51.3% (98), right 35.6% (68), and bilateral 13.1% (25). Bovine arches were associated with more left‐sided strokes compared with standard arches ( P =0.018). There was an association between black race and bovine arch ( P =0.0001). Conclusions Bovine aortic arch configuration is associated with left hemispheric laterality of cardioembolic stroke. This study enriches the understanding that arch anatomy influences stroke laterality and highlights the need for further research into the causative hemodynamic factors.

Dural venous sinus thrombosis in the setting of blunt trauma with a calvarial fracture crossing a dural venous sinus has an incidence of 23%. Increased suspicion for thrombosis is warranted in patients with temporal or skull base fractures, low GCS score, and recent fall from great height.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has affected almost every country in the world resulting in severe morbidity, mortality and economic hardship, altering the landscape of healthcare forever. Its devastating and most frequent thoracic and cardiac manifestations have been well reported since the start of the pandemic. Its extra-thoracic manifestations are myriad and understanding them is critical in diagnosis and disease management. The role of radiology is growing in the second wave and second year of the pandemic as the multiorgan manifestations of COVID-19 continue to unfold. Musculoskeletal, neurologic and vascular disease processes account for a significant number of COVID-19 complications and understanding their frequency, clinical sequelae and imaging manifestations is vital in guiding management and improving overall survival. The authors aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of the virus along with a detailed and systematic imaging review of the extra-thoracic manifestation of COVID-19. In Part I, abdominal manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children will be reviewed. In Part II, manifestations of COVID-19 in the musculoskeletal, central nervous and vascular systems will be reviewed.

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