Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Levitt, Alex; Zampolin, Richard L.; Burns, Judah; Bello, Jacqueline A.; Slasky, Shira E.

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2019.07.001

Cited by 20 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…1). In this sense, an interrelation between CHS and HE [1,10,11], HE and PRES [13], and PRES and RCVS has been described [14][15][16]. We support the pos sibility of an interrelation among all of them, and between the luxury perfusion syndrome and CHS.…”

Section: Chs and Related Conditionssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Some authors have suggested an interrelation between PRES and RCVS [14][15][16]. Like PRES, 2 hypotheses (hy per and hypoperfusion) have been suggested [14].…”

Section: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroimaging studies in these patients, including conventional angiography, have shown blood vessel irregularities consistent with vasoconstriction [15, 23]. This endothelial injury may be seen in malignant hypertension [16]. As in the syndromes described above, PRES may be not reversible in some cases, and permanent neurological deficit may occur as a result of hemorrhagic or ischemic infarction [2, 24].…”

Section: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome and Related Conditions

Delgado

Bogousslavsky

2020

Eur Neurol

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Cerebral vasoconstriction is a normal physiological response under determined conditions to preserve a normal cerebral blood flow. However, there are several syndromes, with impaired cerebral autoregulation and cerebral vasoconstriction, not related with infection or inflammation, which share the same radiological and clinical presentation. We review here the cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and related conditions such as hypertensive encephalopathy, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. These syndromes might share the same pathophysiological mechanism with endothelial damage, cerebral vasoconstriction, blood-brain barrier disturbance, cerebral edema, and, occasionally, intracerebral hemorrhage, with fatal cases described in all. Despite knowledge of these syndromes, they still remain unknown to us. Why these entities present in some patients and not in others goes further than the actual understanding of these diseases. We have to consider that a genetic susceptibility and molecular disturbances may be involved. Thus, more studies are needed in order to better characterize such syndromes.

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Section: Chs and Related Conditionssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Some authors have suggested an interrelation between PRES and RCVS [14][15][16]. Like PRES, 2 hypotheses (hy per and hypoperfusion) have been suggested [14].…”

Section: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome and Related Conditions

Delgado

Bogousslavsky

2020

Eur Neurol

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“…In PRES patients, on post-contrast images, superficial leptomeningeal enhancement is the most common finding. One-third of the patients exhibit combined gyral cortical enhancement in the T1 images [10][11][12] . Vasogenic edema occurs in the parietal-occipital regions in 90% of the patients 12) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemorrhagic Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, Mechanism, and Treatment

Park

Lee

Park

et al. 2021

J Neurointensive Care

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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is typically characterized by clinically severe headache, neurologic deficits caused by ischemia or intracerebral hemorrhage, and radiologically observed multifocal cerebral artery vasoconstriction 1,2) .The purpose of this case report was to report the clinical treatment and management, as well as discuss the imaging characteristics, of an RCVS patient. CASE REPORTA 28-year-old woman with no past medical history presented Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical and radiologic syndrome that presents with a severe headache associated with multifocal segmental vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries. The pathophysiology of RCVS is unknown, but changes in arterial tone seem to a key mechanism. The clinical course of RCVS is self-limiting, resolving spontaneously. RCVS usually follows a benign course, but the prognosis can vary because delayed intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic, or hemorrhagic stroke can occur. Computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography are the diagnostic methods of choice. The calcium channel blocker and analgesic agent, nimodipine, seems to reduce the severity of the headaches. This case report characterized the clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, clinical course, and management of RCVS to assist with differentiating it from other conditions it may be confused with.

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“…With cytotoxic edema with diffusion restriction, very subtle or even normal MRI findings are seen in some cases. PRES and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) often coexist; therefore, it appears that PRES overlap with RCVS can be a complication of RCVS [31].…”

Section: Clinico-radiological Features and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Spectrum of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children

Hwang

Lee

et al. 2020

Ann Child Neurol

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a complex neurological condition characterized by the acute onset of neurological symptoms, such as seizures and potentially reversible vasogenic edema with preferential involvement of the parieto-occipital region in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Although PRES can present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, the most common are seizures, visual disturbances, headaches, and altered mental states. PRES has been recognized in a wide variety of clinical settings including hypertension, immunosuppressants following organ transplantation, chemotherapy, renal diseases, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders. It has been increasingly reported even in children, but many aspects of this syndrome are incompletely understood and validated diagnostic criteria is still lacking. In this review, we will cover putative pathophysiological mechanisms, etiologic categories, clinico-radiological manifestations, and outcomes from previous studies.

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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome and Related Conditions

Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome and Related Conditions

Hemorrhagic Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, Mechanism, and Treatment

Clinical Spectrum of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children

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