Adopting customer-to-customer value co-creation logic, this study explored the underlying dimensions of the co-creation experience and its effects on the behavioral intention to attend festivals. The analysis focused on the role of place attachment and festival satisfaction as mediators in the relationship between festival visitors' satisfaction with the co-creation experience and their behavioral intention to attend the festival. Drawing on 444 survey responses, our findings support the mediation roles of place dependence and festival satisfaction. The findings did not vary between tourists and residents. This suggests that facilitating shared consumption of festivals motivates festival attendees to re-patronize specific festivals. Based on these findings, both theoretical and practical implications of this analysis are discussed.

Tourism is vulnerable to externalities such as natural disasters and man-made crises. The current global economic slowdown has adversely affected global tourism. While headline figures show that international tourism is suffering as a consequence of this economic crisis, domestic tourism is larger in many countries and impacts through this market could be larger than through international tourism. A common viewpoint is that an increase in domestic tourism could compensate a decline in inbound tourism, which supports the policy of focusing on the development of domestic tourism. This paper will test this viewpoint in the context of China’s tourism. This paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of economic impact of the economic slowdown on China’s tourism using computable general equilibrium modelling and then bring forward some policy suggestions on the development of China’s tourism

Legacies have become a key rationale underpinning the bidding process for hosting mega‐events. These long‐term effects are deemed to hold benefits and costs, and measurement is important. However, there is limited theory or empirical evidence on legacy impacts. In this article, the literature on legacies of mega‐events is reviewed and event tourism isolated to develop an interdisciplinary conceptual model to measure tourism legacies, and develop propositions on measurement issues. This paper develops a framework of key indicators, propositions and measures to evaluate socio‐economic legacies, which will support event organizers and decision makers to formulate policies for improving event legacies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Highlights  Investigate the social-political role that festival tourism plays by applying national identity theory.  Provides insights into postcolonial festival organisation.  Highlights the importance of the celebrated historical event and its function in festival experience.  Investigates the mediating role national identity played in festival evaluation.  Illustrates the hybrid nature of Macao and its festivals.

International inbound tourism to China has grown phenomenally since 1980 and the hosting of the Olympics in 2008 was an important milestone. This paper takes the first step in applying computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling to forecasting the economic contribution of tourism generated by the Beijing Olympics. CGE modelling has been widely applied to different tourism issues in many countries. In China, it has been used in fields such as taxation and international trade. However, economic impact studies on China's tourism using CGE modelling have not been found. The paper includes two types of estimations: ex ante and ex post. The ex ante estimation was conducted before the Beijing Olympics and thus predicted the impact of international tourism based on historical data, such as previous literature and historical statistics. The ex post estimation was conducted several months after the Beijing Olympics and the estimation was based on up-to-date statistics published by the China National Tourism Administration. The economic impact generated from the two types of estimations is compared. It was found that, while the economic impact of international tourism was predicted to be positive in the ex ante estimation, this impact was analysed as negative in the ex post estimation.

The economic impacts of on-screen tourism are particularly interesting, and research in this area can provide useful information to governments making decisions regarding subsidising film production and forming relevant marketing strategies. No reliable and systematic approach for measuring the economic impacts of on-screen tourism currently exists, and this study is the first to evaluate the overall economic impacts of on-screen tourism by comparing the impacts of two series of films, The Lord of the Rings and the Hobbit, both filmed in New Zealand. A new approach combining econometric and computable general equilibrium modelling techniques is used in the assessment. The results show that The Lord of the Rings did not significantly impact on the tourism and economy of New Zealand, while the Hobbit Trilogy had a significant positive impact, which may be due to effective marketing strategies and media convergence.

Increasing attention has been paid to evaluate the impacts of large scale events on tourism demand. For providing policy suggestions, it should consider the economic impact of both events themselves and other factors. This paper evaluates the economic effects of visa restrictions on tourism as a result of the 1989 Tian'an Men Square Incident and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games by using an innovative combination of econometric and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The results show that both events generated economic losses. The unexpected negative economic impact of the Beijing Olympics seems attributable to visa restrictions. Suggestions for the alleviation of the negative impact of visa regulations are provided.