Two-color side-view probing of light-matter interaction from minute focal volume of a tightly focused fs-laser pump pulse reveals charge dynamics with high 0.9 μm optical resolution and approximately ~45fs temporal resolution defined by pulse duration. Use of two colors is advantageous for probing optically excited plasma regions with different density. Holographical digital focusing and spatial filtering were implemented to obtain the same resolution images for subsequent Fourier analysis. Fast plasma density decay with time constant ~150 fs was resolved and is consistent with self-trapping. Potential applications of an optical control over light-induced defects with deep-sub-wavelength resolution is discussed.
In situ fabrication of blue ceramic coatings on wrought Al Alloy 2024 by plasma electrolytic oxidation J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30, 021302 (2012) Influence of substrate temperature and bias voltage on properties of chromium nitride thin films deposited by cylindrical cathodic arc deposition J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 29, 051515 (2011) Ultrathin TiSiN overcoat protection layer for magnetic media J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 29, 051502 (2011) High-corrosion-resistant Al2O3 passivation-film formation by selective oxidation on austenitic stainless steel containing Al J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 29, 021002 (2011) Low-energy ion bombardment to tailor the interfacial and mechanical properties of polycrystalline 3C-silicon carbide J.An optical filter for plasma display panel ͑PDP͒ requires an electromagnetic shield with very high ability. The authors investigated a transparent conductive multilayer coating consisting of silver ͑Ag͒ layers and transparent metal oxide layers. The durability of the multilayer sputter coating, including the silver layer, is very sensitive to the surrounding atmosphere. For example, after an exposure test they found discolored points on the multilayer sputter coatings, possibly caused by migration of silver atoms in the silver layers. In their investigation, they modified the top surface of the multilayer sputter coatings with transition metals to improve the corrosion resistance of the multilayer coating. Specifically, they deposited transition metals 0.5-2 nm thick on the top surface of the multilayer coatings by sputtering. They chose indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ as the transparent metal oxide. They applied the multilayer sputter coatings of seven layers to a polyethylene terephthalate ͑PET͒ film substrate. A cross-sectional structure of the film with the multilayer coatings is PET film/ITO/Ag/ITO/Ag/ITO/Ag/ITO. They evaluated the corrosion resistance of the films by a salt-water immersion test. In the test, they immersed the film with multilayer coatings into salt water, and then evaluated the appearance, transmittance, and electrical resistance of the multilayer coatings. They investigated several transition metals as the modifying material, and found that titanium and tantalum drastically improved the resistance of the multilayer coatings to the salt-water exposure without a significant decline in transmittance. They also investigated the relation between elapsed time after deposition of the modifying materials and resistance to the salt water. Furthermore, they investigated the effects of a heat treatment and an oxide plasma treatment on resistance to the salt water.
A transparent electrode for an organic luminescent electronic display (OLED) requires higher transmittance and higher electric conductivity to reduce the power consumption, in order that more of the current injected into the display results in luminescence. The authors made transparent conductive multilayer coatings including layers of silver alloy with 1wt% of palladium (Pd) and 1wt% of copper (Cu) (APC) and transparent metal oxide thin film layers for the transparent electrode of an OLED. Indium tin oxide (ITO) and zinc aluminum oxide (AZO) were used as the transparent metal oxides. A multilayer transparent electrode consisting of ITO/APC/ITO and one of AZO/APC/AZO prepared by dc magnetron sputtering achieved transmittance of more than 80% in the wavelength of 450–700nm with sheet resistance of less than 10Ω∕◻. An OLED device employing a multilayer transparent electrode consisting of ITO/APC/ITO emitted light with a higher efficacy than that employing a single layer ITO. On the other hand, the multilayer transparent electrode consisting of AZO/APC/AZO did not emit light even though higher corrosion resistance than ITO/APC/ITO was expected.
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