Nanodisk array with sandwich structure of Au/ ͓Co/ Pt͔ n / Au was fabricated by electron beam lithography combined with argon ion milling. Excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance ͑LSPR͒ was demonstrated for various disk diameters. Magneto-optical ͑MO͒ properties were measured by a home-made micro-Faraday system at wavelengths of 633 and 690 nm. Faraday ellipticity at 690 nm showed non-monotonic dependence on disk diameter and reached maximum for disk diameter of 84 nm, which was associated with LSPR at 690 nm. The experimental results show direct evidence for LSPR enhancement effect on MO properties. The optical and MO properties were fitted by average field approximation.
The curability of chemotherapy-resistant hepatoblastoma (HB) largely depends on the achievement of radical surgical resection. Navigation techniques utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) are a powerful tool for detecting small metastatic lesions. We herein report a patient who underwent a second living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) for multiple recurrent HBs in the liver graft following metastasectomy for peritoneal dissemination with ICG navigation. The patient initially presented with ruptured HB at 6 years of age and underwent 3 liver resections followed by the first LDLTx with multiple sessions of chemotherapy at 11 years of age. His alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level increased above the normal limit, and metastases were noted in the transplanted liver and peritoneum four years after the first LDLTx. The patient underwent metastasectomy of the peritoneally disseminated HBs with ICG navigation followed by the second LDLTx for multiple metastases in the transplanted liver. The patient has been recurrence-free with a normal AFP for 30 months since the second LDLTx. To our knowledge, this report is the first successful case of re-LDLTx for recurrent HBs. Re-LDLTx for recurrent HB can be performed in highly select patients, and ICG navigation is a powerful surgical tool for achieving tumor clearance.
X-ray diffraction has been measured for liquid group 14 elements at high pressures using synchrotron radiation. Static structure factors S(Q) and pair distribution functions g(r) show different pressure dependences for liquid silicon, liquid germanium and liquid tin. In liquid silicon, a significant change in the local structure occurs between 8 and 14 GPa. In liquid germanium, an anisotropic contraction of local structure occurs continuously with increasing pressure. In liquid tin, the structure contracts almost uniformly. These pressure dependences are discussed in relation to the pressure-induced phase transitions in crystalline phases and the changes in bonding between atoms.
Magnetoplasmonic nanostructures with enhanced magneto-optical ͑MO͒ activity hold great promise for the active manipulation of plasmon propagation. In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate that the shape of elliptical nanocylinder plays an essential role on the large enhanced MO activity: ͑1͒ saturated MO activity component depends on the angle of polarization plane of incident light with respect to the semimajor axis of elliptical nanocylinder and ͑2͒ a low magnetic field induces MO activity with nonferromagnetic origin exhibiting a giant linear component added to the saturated component in the MO loops. The intriguing optical and MO properties were well interpreted within one model by assigning a biaxial effective permittivity tensor to the elliptical nanocylinder array. It is suggested that the shape enhanced MO activity can be maximized by elaborately tuning the plasmon resonance as well as increasing the aspect ratio of elliptical nanocylinder.The control of light propagation at nanoscales has gained intense interests resulting in the rapid emerging field of plasmonics. New concepts such as light beaming, 1 miniature plasmonic wave plates, 2 and magnetically controlled nanowaveguiding 3 have suggested that metallic nanoparticles incorporating magneto-optical ͑MO͒ properties provide active route to focus and direct light along a really tiny way down to a few tens nanometers. Attempts in magnetophotonics 4 and magnetoplasmonic biosensor 5 have revealed that giant MO activity ͑Faraday rotation or ellipticity͒ can be obtained when tailoring conventional MO thin film into artificial plasmonic nanostructures. [6][7][8][9] Simply, the nanosphere possessing MO activity can be described by an explicit polarizability tensor ␣ , having ␣ xy =3⑀ xy / ͑⑀ xx +2⑀ d ͒ 2 , where ⑀ xx , ⑀ xy are the components from the bulk permittivity tensor of bulk materials and ⑀ d the permittivity of surrounding dielectrics. 10 At the spectral position of localized surface-plasmon resonance ͑LSPR͒, the real part of the denominator Re͑⑀ xx +2⑀ d ͒ approaches zero, giving rise to giant MO activity. An interesting question will be whether the shape of nanostructures can further enhance the MO activities in plasmonic nanostructures and how. Elliptical nanocylinder possesses simple shape but with intriguing optical properties such as very large local-field enhancement 11 and largely reduced plasmon damping 12 has attracted much attention, recently, in a variety of nano-optic devices such as label-free biosensing. 13 In this work, we found that in addition to the previously verified LSPR enhancement, shape of elliptical nanocylinder provides a different degree of freedom to further modify and enhance the MO activity. A simple model was suggested which interpreted well both the optical and MO properties of the elliptical nanocylinder array. The model suggests that the MO activity can be substantially amplified by elaborately tuning the LSPR resonance as well as increasing the aspect ratio of elliptical nanocylinder.Elliptical nanocylinder squ...
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