The disadvantages and side effects of currently available breast cancer (BC) therapies have compelled researchers to seek new therapeutic strategies. This study was designed to investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized with carvacrol (SeNPs-CV) on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines and to explore possible underlying pathways. Flow cytometry, MTT assays, and various biochemical techniques were used to evaluate the anti-proliferative effects of SeNPs-CV on MCF-7 cells. Cytotoxicity assays showed that treatment with SeNPs-CV could effectively reduce MCF-7 cell proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent manner. However, SeNPs-CV had no cytotoxic effect against Vero cells. Furthermore, SeNPs-CV showed better anticancer activity than metal nanoparticles of selenium evidenced by the lower IC50 obtained in MCF-7 cells (8.3 µg/mL versus 41.6 µg/mL, respectively). Treatment with SeNPs-CV directly targeted Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3, leading to the mitochondrial leakage of cytochrome C and subsequent activation of the apoptotic cascade in MCF-7 cells. In addition, MCF-7 cells treated with SeNPs-CV exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress, as indicated by noticeable rises in 8-OHDG, ROS, NO, and LPO, paralleled by significant exhaustion in GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes activity. In addition, the administration of SeNPs-CV induced the inflammatory mediator IL-1β and downregulated the expression of cell-proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) in MCF-7 cells, which plays a critical role in apoptosis. Therefore, the ability of SeNPs-CV to fight BC may be due to its ability to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in tumor cells. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Se nanoparticles conjugated with CV, which may provide a novel approach for combination chemotherapy in BC.

We aimed to investigate the potential anticonvulsant effect of green synthetized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) (SAE-SeNPs) against epileptic seizures and cortical damage induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in rats and its mechanism. A total of 84 rats were divided into six groups; control, PTZ-exposed group, SAE + PTZ-treated group, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) + PTZ-treated group, SAE-SeNPs + PTZ-treated group, and diazepam + PTZ-treated group. SAE-SeNPs significantly increase (p < 0.05) the latency time to seizures and reduce both the seizure duration and death rate, which were enhanced by the PTZ injection. SAE-SeNPs counteracted the PTZ-induced changes in the oxidants and antioxidants. Furthermore, SAE-SeNPs significantly restored (p < 0.05) the pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) to their normal levels and suppressed the activity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein showing their inhibitory effect on the epilepsy-associated inflammation. In addition, SAE-SeNPs significantly reduced (p < 0.05) PTZ-induced cortical cell apoptosis, as revealed by a reduction in the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 levels, and an elevation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. Moreover, SAE-SeNPs significantly modulate (p < 0.05) the PTZ-induced changes in the neurotransmitter norepinephrine level and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. These data concluded the anticonvulsant activity of SAE-SeNPs via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, along with their ability to modulate neurotransmitters.

Cancer is recognized as the leading cause of death worldwide. The hippo signaling pathway regulates organ size by balancing cell proliferation and cell death; hence dysregulation of the hippo pathway promotes cancer-like conditions. miRNAs are a type of non-coding RNA that have been shown to regulate gene expression. miRNA levels are altered in various classes of cancer. Researchers have also uncovered a crosslinking between miRNAs and the hippo pathway, which has been linked to cancer. The components of the hippo pathway regulate miRNA synthesis, and various miRNAs regulate the components of the hippo pathway both positively and negatively, which can lead to cancer-like conditions. In the present review article, the mechanism behind the hippo signaling pathway and miRNAs biogenesis and crosslinks between miRNAs and the hippo pathway, which result in cancer, shall be discussed. Furthermore, the article will cover miRNA-related therapeutics and provide an overview of the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. Understanding the underlying processes would improve the chances of developing effective cancer treatment therapies.

The burden of allergic illnesses is continuously rising, and patient diagnosis is a significant problem because of how intricately hereditary and environmental variables interact. The past three to four decades have seen an outbreak of allergies in high-income countries. According to reports on the illness, asthma affects around 300 million individuals worldwide. Identifying clinically important allergens for the accurate classification of IgE-mediated allergy respiratory disease diagnosis would be beneficial for implementing standardized allergen-associated therapy. Therefore, the current study includes an in silico analysis to identify potential IgE-mediated allergens in date palms and cockroaches. Such an immunoinformatic approach aids the prioritization of allergens with probable involvement in IgE-mediated allergic respiratory diseases. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was used for molecular dynamic simulations, antigen–antibody docking analyses, epitope identifications, and characterizations. The potential of these allergens (Per a7, Per a 1.0102, and Bla g 1.0101) in IgE-mediated allergic respiratory diseases was explored through the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, interaction observations, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations for drug and vaccine development.

The present work was conducted to study the effect of low fat diet (LFD), almonds, green coffee, mackerel fish and the combination of all of them on loss of weight, lipid profile, serum glucose, leptin hormone, liver enzymes and kidney functions of obese rats. Methods: In this research, researcher used normal male albino rats (n=42). This group of rats was divided into two major groups. The first group (n=6 rats) fed on standard diet and was considered as a group of negative control. The second group (n= 36 rat) fed high fat diet for six weeks on to induce of obesity. Rats in the second group were randomly assigned to six equal subgroups: Subgroup (1) fed on HFD (consist of 20% fat) and used as (control positive) 1; Subgroups (2) fed on LFD containing only (10% fat) and used as (control positive) 2. Subgroup The third sub-group feeds on low fat diet LFD containing (almonds, which provided the diet with 5% oil hydrogenated oils 4% and soy oil 1%). Subgroup (4) fed on LFD and treated each rat daily in this group with 3 ml green coffee. Subgroup (5) fed on LFD containing (mackerel fish, which provided the diet with 5% fat, hydrogenated oils 4% and soy oil 1%). Subgroup (6) fed on LFD containing (almonds which provided the diet with 5% oil and mackerel fish which provided the diet with 5% oil) and treated each rat daily in this group with 3 ml green coffee The obtained data were tested with one-way ANOVA (mean ± standard deviation and one-way ANOVA test) using SAS package and compared with each other using the LSD (least significant differences at P< 0.05.   Results: Body weight gain % of rats increased significantly by feeding on a high-fat diet, also, serum "glucose, leptin hormone, cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol except HDL-c, kidney functions, liver increased in rats fed on HFD, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased, in comparison with the group of negative control group fed on basal diet. Conclusion: Treatment of obese rats with LFDs, LFDs containing almond, LFDs containing green coffee, LFDs containing mackerel fish, and obese rats treated with all these improved all parameters.

The role of oxidative stress is known among the patients of diabetes as the level of reactive oxygen species was high among diabetic patients. This oxidative stress is generated in diabetic patients due to continuous high glucose levels that cause to decrease in the defence mechanism for antioxidant enzymes within the body. The reduction of the antioxidant defence mechanism leads towards the generation of hydroxyl radicals consequently results in lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of Vincamine extracts as antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant in diabetic rats. To evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of Vincamine, adult BB Wistar rats, weighing 150- 170 g were obtained and divided in six groups. Blood analysis was taken measure the observed parameters. The findings showed vincamine display antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activity.It is concluded that vincamine hasa protective role and acts as a good antioxidant activity along with effective antidiabetic effects.

Background: The diseases due to nutritional deficiencies or imbalanced diet can be due to different factors. These factors can be biological or environmental. The study indicated that there will be increase risks of acquiring diseases as a result of irregular intake of diet. These risks include the increased risk of diseases such as liver abnormality, hypertension, lipids deposition, and other diseases. Methodology: The databases used for the collection of secondary information include Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Besides, the keywords used for the searching of relevant research articles include “experimental rats, nutritional deficiencies. Hypothalamus, mechanisms studies, gene ontology, metabolic syndromes”. There were the use of female rats (n=8) and the weight was ranged between 200 to 250 grams. The experimental rats were placed in a cycle of 12 h light/dark. An adequate amount of water and food was provided for about one week to the rats before starting the experiment. Enzymatic procedures were used for the analysis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. Glucose concentrations in the blood samples were also assessed using the glucose meter. The insulin levels were also measured by using the assay kits. The hybridisation, scanning, and normalization of the data were also done. The extracted RNA from the hypothalamus was transcribed by using the “Superscript II RNAseH- Reverse-Transcriptase”. The t-test was also performed using statistical software. The groups of genes and their altered expressions were studied after the malnutrition conditions. The results obtained through PCR were expressed in the form of average and standard deviation values [1]. The mRNA expression levels in the samples of the hypothalamus were also assessed. The data were compared using the student test. The significance levels were measured at p < 0.05. Findings: The findings of the study also indicated that the transcription of co-regulators is also link with the nutritional and temporal cues to the metabolism process by means of their association with circadian clock. The findings revealed that the hypothalamic circuits and its nutritional programming plays significant role in the regulation of energy homeostasis which is a major factor of obesity development in association with malnutrition in early life development. Conclusion: Conclusively, it has been identified that the deficiency of nutrients during developmental period such as prenatal and postnatal is linked with the enhanced risk of different types of diseases in childhood as well as in adulthood.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a common kitchen spice that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is rich in phytochemistry that is promoting health benefits.  It is used as a home remedy to support the common cold, headaches, and pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiemetic, antiulcer, and anti-cancer, antiplatelet, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering activities. Gingerols are key ingredients found in ginger that convert into zingerone, shogaol, and parasols, giving flavor and odor. Zingerone and shogaol are present in limited quantities in fresh ginger and more in dried or extracted goods. Especially 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol  are pharmacological properties that are effective in antipyretic, analgesic, and hypotensive. The present review is about different therapeutic properties of ginger, including antioxidant properties, anti-diabetic properties, anti-cancer properties etc.