Background: Bisphenol A, a global environmental pollutant, has been reported to induce organs toxicity. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside which is found in citrus fruits. It has antioxidant properties; so it can protect cells from oxidative stress. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of bisphenol A on the kidneys and testes after repeated oral dose and evaluate the possible protective effect of hesperidin when co-administered with it. Materials and Methods: Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Group I (Control group), Group II (Hesperidin only group) received hesperidin orally at the dose of 200 mg /kg /day. Group III (Bisphenol only group) treated orally with bisphenol A at dose 160 mg /kg /day. Group IV (Bisphenol& hesperidin group) received bisphenol A and hesperidin. After two months, all animals were sacrificed, and blood was collected for analysis (kidney functions and hormones level). The kidneys and testes were preserved for histopathological examination. Results: Repeated oral administration of bisphenol A induced statistically significant increase in the level of urea and creatinine, statistically significant decrease in serum level of FSH, LH and testosterone. Histopathological examination of kidneys and testes revealed multiple histopathological changes. These toxic effects declined markedly when hesperidin was co-administered with bisphenol A. Conclusion:The present study concluded that bisphenol A has many toxic effects on kidneys and testes both structurally and functionally and hesperidin has a protective role against such harmful effects.
Conventional therapies have low effectiveness to fulfill results in breast cancer mortality. Organo-copper compounds exhibit cytotoxic activity against a variety of cancer cell lines. we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of the supramolecular coordination polymer (SCP) [CuCN./ Me3SnCN./pyz] (pyz./pyrazine ] in two breast cancer cell lines (T-47D: Breast ductal carcinoma and MDA-MB-231: breast cancer). the in vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT assay. To examine the possible relation between the cytotoxic activity of the SCP and oxidative stress, we measured ROS levels in both human breast cell lines. Changes in apoptotic gene expression were detected by RT-PC R and confirmed using western blot analysis. We did the molecular docking to evaluate and know how SCP interacts with the selected target, the target selection was based on the common essential pharmacophoric features between the crystal ligand, doxorubicin, and SCP. SCP manifested anti-proliferative activities in both T-47D cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. The antitumor activity of SCP was studied at concentrations of IC50. Analysis revealed decreased Bcl2 and increased P53 mRNA, suggesting that SCP exerts its regulatory action on apoptotic genes at the level of transcription. SCP-induced tumor cell apoptosis was attributed to activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9 regulated pathways. Furthermore, based on the resulted data obtained from the molecular docking, SCP more interacting and binding with the target pocket compared with the crystal ligand and doxorubicin. the supramolecular coordination polymer (SCP) showed an antitumor effect and could be a promising candidate for the management of breast cancer patients.
Backgrounds The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been significantly growing in recent years. Although the pathophysiology of fibrosis progression in NAFLD is not yet known, oxidative stress and inflammation have been known to have a major role in the development of NASH. Understanding the impact of micronutrients in NAFLD could potentially help us better understand NAFLD pathogenesis. Aims Assessing the serum levels of Zn, Se, and Vitamin E and their relation to the development of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD patients. Methods This study included 80 NAFLD patients and 40 healthy controls. All of the patients were subjected to abdominal ultrasound and FibroScan examination (to estimate hepatic fibrosis and steatosis degree), and the serum levels of Zn, Se, and vitamin E were evaluated. Results A statistically significant difference in the serum levels of Zn and Se was observed between the NAFLD group and the control group (P-value = 0.04 and 0.05, respectively). The serum levels of Zn and Se were independently related to the presence of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. However, serum vitamin E was not related to the severity of NAFLD. Furthermore, no significant difference in the levels of Zn, Se, and vitamin E was observed between the different groups of NAFLD patients categorized according to the degree of steatosis and the control group. Conclusions Reduced serum levels of Zn and Se can be considered a possible risk factor for hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. Deficiency in these micronutrients could play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Background: Faculty development (FD) is a core component of medical education, and needs assessment is central for planning effective FD programs. In the present study, we assessed the perceived development needs of medical faculty and the factors affecting these needs at an Egyptian medical school.Methods: This sequential mixed-methods research was conducted in 2019 at Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University (Egypt) using a triangulation approach for data collection: (1) web-based survey composed of 74 items about demographics and educational experiences, satisfaction with current FD programs, perceived development needs, delivery and scheduling preferences; (2) semi-structured interviews for in-depth understanding; and (3) secondary data.Results: A total of 434 out of 793 target faculty (54.7%) completed the survey. Participants in general perceived moderate to extreme need to all FD areas with the highest priorities given for discipline-specific and research domains. Awareness of teaching needs has increased among faculty in recent years. Perceived FD needs varied across career stage, and most participants preferred short interactive workshops; online methods are also desired. Compulsory participation in FD programs was a subject of high controversy. More than one-third of participants were interested in joining the newly established medical education department.Conclusions: Perceived FD needs are affected by accreditation standards, academic reward systems, and socioeconomic factors. The present study provides a transferrable model for conducting FD needs assessment, and the findings are important for planning effective and economically sound FD programs within the complex structure of today’s medical schools.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and also the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, which has been identified recently. Unlike other IAP proteins, survivin is generally not found in normal adult tissues but notably expressed in the most common human cancers including stomach, colorectal, lung and breast. In cancer cells, overexpression of survivin at both protein and mRNA levels is linked to genetic variant-31G/C in the survivin promoter. P53-Abs were discovered 20 years ago during the course of tumor-associated antigens screening. The discovery of p53 mutation and accumulation of p53 in human tumors shed new light on the p53 humoral response. The aim of work: investigate-31 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of survivin promoter in breast cancer patients .Measurement of the level of p53 antibodies in them and detecting the association between it and the polymorphism also. Patients and methods: 100 subjects were enrolled in in this study. All were women in the age between 40 and 65 (60 breast cancer cases and 40 control divided into two groups according to age: Group 1 ≤ 50 years (27.3 ± 4.87) and Group 2 > 50(24.83 ± 6.12). Results: Our study shows a significant difference in the prevalence of the survivin promoter polymorphism (-31G > C) between the case and control groups, P value (P = 0.005*). Notably, the combined prevalence of the GC and CC genotypes (GC + CC), reflecting the prevalence of the C allele, was significantly greater in the breast cancer group than in the control group (P= 0.002*) with rates of 29% and 6%, respectively. These results imply that the C allele at position-31 in the promoter region of the survivin gene increases an individual's susceptibility to breast cancer. Also, the risk of developing cancer was 4.05 times higher in patients with the GC or CC genotype (GC + CC) than in patients with the GG genotype, and this difference was statistically significant (95% CI: (1.48-11.09). Besides, in the breast cancer group, the GG genotype was present in 35 patients, whereas the GC + CC genotype was present in 25 patients. As regard the level of p53 antibodies, there was a significant difference (p=0.025) between cases (11.67±11.96) and controls (4.65 ± 0.48). But, no significant difference in the different genotypes of breast cancer patients(p=0.83). Conclusion Survivin promoter-31 G/C polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. C allele at position-31G/C in the promoter region of the survivin gene increases an individual's susceptibility to breast cancer. As regard the level of p53 antibodies, there was a significant difference between cases and controls. But, no significant difference in the different genotypes of breast cancer patients .The presence of p53 Abs it could be a useful marker to complement routine prognostic factors in breast cancer patients.
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