Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the commonest inborn error of metabolism, it is an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), rendering it nonfunctional. The diagnosis of this disorder can be confirmed by analysis of urine components. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of PKU among children aged 6 months to 6 years in Sohag governorate Egypt, its relationship to malnutrition and identifying families with higher predisposition to having children with inborn errors of metabolism. One hundred children were selected from 18,000 patients seen in the pediatric neuropsychiatry clinic of Sohag University hospital over three years, between May 2008-May 2011. They were presented with clinical symptoms suggestive of probable preliminary diagnosis of PKU. Proper clinical and laboratory investigations, including ferric chloride test in urine, total protein and albumin in serum, were screened to confirm the diagnosis. PKU was diagnosed in two children cases. The diagnosed cases were suffering from mild malnutrition represented by low levels of serum albumin and total protein comparable to cases of Marasmus and kwashiorkor or other deficiencies like rickets. Screening of the newborn with special emphasis on PKU is highly recommended before discharge from the nursery for children delivered in the hospital or on first visit to the clinic for children delivered at home. Early detection would help prevent serious and permanent neurological impairment.
Background: Phytic acid is an anti-neoplastic agent. We hypothesize that during mammary tumorigenesis, the administration of phytic acid is associated with biochemical changes including enhancement of apoptosis and inhibition of oxidative stress.Materials and methods: An animal model formed of 25 rats was established. The animals were divided into three groups: (1) a control group which received the same phytic acid treatment in the right route and amount; (2) a carcinogen group which received a carcinogenic substance DMBA that can induce proliferative changes in the mammary gland; (3) treated group which received phytic acid, 60 days after the intake of DMBA. The animals were sacrificed, serum and tissue were evaluated for markers of tumorigenicity (serum total sialic acid, TSA); apoptotic changes (tissue caspase-3 activity and % DNA Fragmentation) and oxidative stress (tissue level of nitric oxide, NO).Results: Following DMBA administration, benign proliferative breast changes occurred in all animals. However, these changes disappeared following phytic acid treatment. As compared to the control group, the development of these proliferative changes in DMBA group was associated with statistically significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of TSA and NO and decreased apoptotic activity. When compared to DMBA group, the disappearance of the proliferative changes in phytic acid -treated group was associated with statistically significantly (p < 0.05) decreased levels of TSA and NO and increased apoptotic activity.Conclusions: Administration of phytic acid reversed the proliferative effects of DMBA, suggesting its protective role.
Background: Selenium has been shown to protect against liver necrosis. Selenium deficiency has been involved in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and C related hepatocellular damage.Serum selenium concentration in cirrhotics was found tobe low, supportive selenium administration may be beneficial for them.Reduced selenium levels result in accumulation of lipid peroxides which accelerate the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim: To study serum selenium level in patients with chronic liver diseases and its relation with severity of theliver diseases. Patients and Methods:This case-control study was conducted on 100 subjects. The cases were 80 adult patients including chronic hepatitis C and B, liver cirrhosis and HCC.The study also included 20 healthy age and sex-matched subjects served as a control group. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data and blood samples were collected from all participants. Serum selenium concentration was measured and statistical analysis was done.
Obesity is a major global health issue. Most obese patients develop metabolic syndrome, a cluster of clinical features characterized by hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia this pre-diabetic condition has recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy. MSC can differentiate into many mesenchymal cells as cardiomyocytes. The application of MSCs in the treatment of DC in recent years offers promising results. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of dead myocardium, directly or indirectly, and seems to offer functional benefits to patients.Recently, a substantial number of clinical trials have proven that stem cell therapy is safe. Infusion of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs) represents the greatest number of clinical studies for MI. This review highlights the use of mesenchymal stem cells in metabolic syndrome and diabetic cardiomyopathy PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
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