This study favors the role of oxidative stress in both diabetes and periodontitis. It shows that the compensatory mechanism of the body is partially collapsed because of excessive production of free radicals during periodontitis and is not able to cope with increased free radical generation attributable to diabetes, thereby worsening the situation.

a b s t r a c tThe finite element analysis (FEA) is an upcoming and significant research tool for biomechanical analyses in biological research. It is an ultimate method for modeling complex structures and analyzing their mechanical properties. In Implantology, FEA has been used to study the stress patterns in various implant components and also in the peri-implant bone. It is also useful for studying the biomechanical properties of implants as well as IntroductionThe finite element analysis (FEA) is an upcoming and significant research tool for biomechanical analyses in biological research. It is an ultimate method for modeling complex structures and analyzing their mechanical properties. FEA has now become widely accepted as a non-invasive and excellent tool for studying the biomechanics and the influence of mechanical forces on the biological systems. It enables the visualization of superimposed structures, and the stipulation of the material properties of anatomic craniofacial structures. 1 It also allows to establish the location, magnitude, and direction of an applied force, as it may also assign stress points that can be theoretically measured. 2 Further, as it does not affect the physical properties of the analyzed materials it is easily repeatable. 2,3The finite element method (FEM) is basically a numerical method of analyzing stresses and deformations in the structures of any given geometry. The structure is discretized into the so called 'finite elements' connected through nodes. The type, arrangement and total number of elements impact the accuracy of the results. 4 The steps followed are generally constructing a finite element model, followed by specifying appropriate material properties, loading and boundary conditions so that the desired settings can be accurately simulated. Various engineering software packages are available to model and simulate the structure of interest may be implants or jawbone. Previously, when FEA was used in dentistry, various simplified assumptions were made regarding modeling geometry, load, boundaries and material properties.5 Such assumptions inevitably affected the analytical results. In the human body, there are individual variations with respect to E-mail address: shilpa.knp@gmail.com.Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.e lsevier.com/locate/jobcr j o u r n a l o f o r a l b i o l o g y a n d c r a n i o f a c i a l r e s e a r c h 4 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 2 0 0 e2 0 3http://dx

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Osteogenic differentiation of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on scaffold is crucial for bone tissue engineering. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay is an important method of assessing osteogenesis. Here, a very simple and innovative procedure is being described for quantification of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in presence of scaffold using ALP assay. Different concentrations of the scaffold particles with the same number of MSCs were assayed for alkaline phosphatase activity using p-NPP as substrate for ALP activity. G-bone scaffold was used in concentrations of 5, 20, 60 and 100 mg/ml and same number of MSCs were seeded. Any scaffold which can be grind and weighed may be used. It was found that100 mg/ml G-bone graft was most useful for promoting osteogenesis and addition of growth factors further promoted. So, we were able to ascertain the concentration of scaffold which promotes osteogenesis the most.

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