White opacities have always been a major concern of esthetics for patients and can have varying etiology. In general, white discolorations of enamel might be due to dental fluorosis, early caries (white spot lesions), developmental defects etc. Conventional treatment options available for such opacities include non-invasive and invasive approaches. Recently, a new "micro-invasive" technique has been introduced as an alternative therapeutic approach that improves such opacities esthetically, in a single sitting, is painless and exhibits no complications. This case series illustrates the use of resin infiltration to treat fluorosis stains and WSLs, exhibiting significant improvement in esthetics.
Introduction: In managing paediatric patients most common challenge is to encounter child’s fear and anxiety during dental procedures. In modern era smart phone dentist games can be used as a modification of Tell Show Do (TSD) technique. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different behaviour modification techniques in paediatric patients at first dental visit and to compare conventional techniques: TSD, TSD + maternal presence, Mobile Dental game (MD) and MD + maternal presence as behaviour modification techniques in preschool children. Materials and Methods: The present pilot study (a randomized parallel group clinical trial) was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry of Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram,Haryana from July 2021 to December 2021 over a period of 6 months in 80 children Between the age group of 4 to 6 years with deft (d=decayed, e=extracted due to caries, f=filled, t=teeth) <3 and caries in any primary second molar indicated for Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) filling, visiting the dentist for the first time. Patient with Frankl behaviour rating score of 1 and 2 accompanied by their mothers with positive dental attitude were included. Patients were equally divided into four groups. Behaviour was assessed using Frankl behaviour rating scale, Raghavendra, Madhuri, Sujata Pictorial scale (RMS-PS) and Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale before and after treatment. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 4.99±0.92 years. The difference between pre and post Frankl behaviour rating score and RMS-PS were statistically significant in all the four groups (p<0.01), whereas difference in pre and post FLACC score was significant in group 2 and 4 (p<0.01). On comparing mean RMS-PS between four groups, significant difference was observed in group 1 and 4 (p<0.01). When mean FLACC score was compared, significant difference was observed between mean scores of Group 1 compared to Group 2 and Group 4. Conclusion: In the present study all the behaviour modification techniques showed improvement in child’s behaviour but use of digital mode of behaviour management along with maternal presence in paediatric dental operatory had displayed significantly better results.
Aim:The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol as a root canal filling material in primary teeth using endodontic pressure syringe system. Materials and methods:A total of 40 primary mandibular molars were selected and divided into two groups-group I (calcium hydroxide was used as root canal filling material) and group II (zinc oxide eugenol used as canal filling material). Clinical review was undertaken at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months interval for evaluating pain, tenderness, mobility and any other sign of pathology. Radiographic examination was done at interval of 3, 6 and 9 months for the evaluation of any change in the radiolucency around the apices and inter-radicular space. Resorption of root and filling material was also assessed.Results: Reduction in the clinical symptoms were noted in both groups (p < 0.01). All the 20 cases in group I demonstrated a decrease in size of radiolucency. However in group II, an increase in radiolucency was observed in 2 teeth at 3 months radiographic examination. Further no decrease in the size of radiolucency was noticed at subsequent follow-up visits. Complete resorption of overfilled material was observed at the 3 months radiographic examination for group I whereas partial resorption of overfilled material was seen at 6 months radiographic examination for group II. Conclusion:The findings of the present study indicate that calcium hydroxide could be used exclusively or as an alternative to zinc oxide eugenol as a root canal filling material for the primary teeth.
Background and Aims: Conscious sedation plays a significant role in in-office pharmacological behavior management for short-term procedures in children and apprehensive adults. The advantage conscious sedation provides is by improving quality of care provided by decreasing pain and anxiety while maintaining a patent airway and adequate spontaneous ventilation. Methodology: Present review was conducted to evaluate recent trends regarding use of in-office pharmacological sedation agents in India. A rigorous search was conducted through five electronic databases namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and CTRI (Clinical Trial Registry – India). The search period was defined to be last 5 years, that is, from 1 st January 2014 to 31 st July 2019. Terminologies “Conscious Sedation,” “In-office Sedation,” “Midazolam,” “Nitrous Oxide,” “India” were included in the search. The Boolean Operation “OR” and “AND” were applied to combine the terminologies. Results: A total of 20 studies were identified following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated for study design, speciality involved, number of individuals and their age groups, drugs compared along with route and dosage, procedures undertaken, place of study and results. Dental fraternity (13) had more number of trials conducted as compared to medical fraternity (7) in the stimulated period, with South Indian region having maximum trials registered or published. Conclusion: Midazolam was observed to the drug of choice for in-office sedation procedures in Indian Scenario. The limitation of study is that the published clinical studies are limited to a few states of India.
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