This study assesses the experiences of international students in terms of perceived discrimination since entering an institution of higher learning in the United States. More specifically, the investigation focuses on the similarities and differences of the students as a function of their geographical region and other demographic factors such as gender, degree objective, and field of study. The findings indicate that international students coming from different regions experience discrimination in various degrees. The findings report that international students from the regions of the Middle East and Africa experience more discrimination than do students from other regions. The results also indicate that international students experience more discrimination off campus compared to on campus. In addition, the diversification of campus by international students is discussed as well as the importance of their presence in higher education. Challenges for the institutions of higher education and implications for counselors and educators are also addressed.

Using a 50-item, self-report questionnaire, 640 international students enrolled at an urban university campus provided needs assessment data based on the geographical region of their country of origin. Additionally, the students' perceptions regarding changes they experienced since coming to the United States are also reported. The authors conclude with a discussion of the study's implications for professional counsellors in higher education. Recommendations are proffered for the mental health services and programs needed by this special population of students based on the information obtained from the investigation.

This study assesses the needs of international students in higher education and examines their overall experiences since entering an institution of higher learning in the United States. More specifically, the investigation focuses on the similarities and differences of the students as a function of their geographical region and other demographic factors such as gender, degree objective, and field of study. Survey feedback was received from 640 volunteer respondents. The results indicate that female students typically have greater needs than the male international students for campus services and that the international students from various regions differ in their needs. The undergraduate international students reported a greater need for services than did the graduate international students. The findings also indicate that international students majoring in science fields have the highest needs. Students with higher grade point averages reported fewer needs. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.As we enter the new millennium, increasing globalization presents new opportunities and challenges for institutions of higher education in the United States. Chapman (1999) identifies three forces he believes will have an important impact on campus environments. Although there will be a continued enrollment of "traditional," or stereotypical, college students, the new millennium will also bring an increased enrollment of diverse, "nontraditional" students. Additionally, Chapman notes that along with this diversification there will be a "robust migration of students worldwide." These global trends along with the continued premium placed on higher education necessitate the development of 305

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As in Many other Countries Around the World, A Gender based double standard (one set of social and moral norms governing the male and another governing the female) has always existed in Iran. In modern Iran, prior to the 1978-79 revolution, the traditional Iranian family was patriarchal and patrilineal. From early childhood, members of each gender were initiated into their respective roles and were socialized to a double standard of sexual morality. For instance, women who sought and experienced the same privileges of sexual freedom as men were not respected, but rather became victims of social ostracism. Women suffered from many social disadvantages, and their position, in most cases, was far from equal to men's.Because pre-revolutionary Iran was a traditional society, the issues of dating and intimate relationships, especially for young women, were sensitive. Some of the sharpest contrasts between Western values and traditional Iranian values existed in these areas.