Acculturation and Young Iranian Women: Attitudes Toward Sex Roles and Intimate Relationships

Predictor Factors Associated with Premarital Sexual Behaviors Among University Students in an Islamic Culture

“…These results seem to support the studies describing that conservative religiosity is related to more conservative sexual behaviors (Cowden & Bradshaw, 2007), whereas liberal religiosity is related to more liberal sexual behaviors in religions other than Islam (Hanassab, 1991;Leiblum et al, 2003).…”

Adjustment issues affecting employment for immigrants from the former soviet union

“…The economic success of the younger age group and lack of economic success in the older age group may be due both to English proficiency and to their age. This result is in keeping with the research indicated earlier by Hanassab (1991) and Lee and Westwood (1996) that advanced age often makes language acquisition and general adjustment more difficult. In a program to aid this older population, intensive English classes that focus on vocational English would be the most direct route to resolving the communication barrier and to increasing the individual's likelihood of success in obtaining employment.…”

“…However, those who are only coming for a short stay or because other family members have decided to immigrate, as is the case with many Soviet grandparents who typically immigrate with workingage children and grandchildren, are much less inclined to embrace the culture. Advanced age also makes the acculturation process more difficult because language acquisition and cultural adjustment are correlated negatively with advanced age (Hanassab, 1991;Lee & Westwood, 1996). Furthermore, even individuals who have prior familiarity with the host culture may have unrealistic and inaccurate expectations (Westwood, Lawrance, & Paul, 1984).…”

Autonomous Cross-Cultural Hardship Travel (ACHT) as a Medium for Growth, Learning, and a Deepened Sense of Self

“…Numerous other definitions of culture shock have emerged since Oberg's (see, e.g., Bock 1970;Brislin 1993;Furnham and Bochner 1986.) Yet there remains a general consensus in research literature as to the inherently unsettling and undesirable nature of the culture shock experience (Bohanan and Van der Elst 1998;Rogers and Steinfatt 1999;Toffler 1970;Zeitlin 1996;Hanassab 1991;Ishiyama and Westwood 1992;Lee and Westwood 1996). A variety of studies, for example, maintain that prolonged cross-cultural contact causes adverse physical and psychological consequences (Berry 1995;Condon and Yousef 1983;Lynch 1992;Morrow 1994: Rhinesmith 1985Samovar and Porter 2001;Winkelman 1994), including multiple negative impacts on mental health (Boucebci 1982;Sodowsky and Lai 1997).…”