Diversity, International Students, and Perceived Discrimination: Implications for Educators and Counselors

Hanassab, Shideh

doi:10.1177/1028315305283051

Cited by 233 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Sodowsky and Plake (1992) found that Muslim students reported more discrimination than any other religious group. Hanassab (2006) also found that students from the Middle East and Africa reported the highest amount of discrimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Fairness Perceptions and Experiences of Muslim University Students in Canada

Erkan¹,

Walker²

2016

IES

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The purpose of this article is to examine the perceptions and experiences of fairness amongst Muslim post-secondary students based on our gathering of data using a web-based survey. The participants, 189 Muslim students, were reached via student organizations, national and local Muslim organizations, and Muslim student groups organized on Facebook. Following these initial contact points, snowball sampling was used to invite prospective participants to respond to the quantitative items in the survey instrument (which also included qualitative inquiries). These quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. For Muslim students, their university was perceived as the most fair amongst their experience of settings, followed by Canada in general, and the country that these Muslim students culturally most identified with. The World, at large, was perceived as the most unfair setting for responding Muslims. Except for the country that Muslim students culturally identified with, all settings were perceived to be fairer for non-Muslims than for Muslims. The majority of Muslim students reported that they had encountered, observed, or experienced unfairness at least once in their university settings during the previous academic year and that they had been impacted by that experience of unfairness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Worse than these problems are the reports of several researchers (Hanassab, 2006;Lee & Rice, 2007;Lee, 2007;Poyrazli & Lopez, 2007;Sodowsky & Plake, 1992) who showed that international students have been subjected to discrimination. This was especially true for non-European international students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fairness Perceptions and Experiences of Muslim University Students in Canada

Erkan¹,

Walker²

2016

IES

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“…International students from Asia, Africa, India, Latin America, and the Middle East often report significant perceived discrimination compared to domestic students or European international students (Hanassab, 2006; J. J. Lee & Rice, 2007;Poyrazli & Lopez, 2007).…”

Section: Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the acculturation experiences of international students

Smith

Khawaja

2011

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

705

663

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“…This measure was included because students have different experiences with discrimination depending on whether they face it on or off campus (Hanassab, 2006). Given that our previous measure tapped into overall perceptions of discrimination, this measure accounted for students' experiences in common daily events on campus.…”

Section: Day-to-day Discrimination Although Not Included In the Origmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Discrimination on the Acculturation Strategies of International Students

Ramos

Cassidy

Reicher

et al. 2016

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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The current study investigated the impact of discrimination on the acculturation strategies of international students in the U.K. In a longitudinal study that followed students (N = 113) for one year, the authors drew on social identity theory to understand the processes by which discrimination impacts on their acculturation strategies. Specifically, the study examined an indirect effect by which perceived discrimination impacts acculturation strategies through perceived permeability of group boundaries. Results showed that perceiving discrimination is associated with a perceived lack of permeability, which in turn results in avoiding the host society and simultaneously endorsing one's own cultural background. Implications for international students and other cultural groups are discussed. (Word count: 109)Keywords: Perceived discrimination, acculturation strategies, social identity theory, permeability of group boundaries. PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AND ACCULTURATION STRATEGIES 3 A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Discrimination on the Acculturation Strategies of International StudentsWith changes in the global economy and increased availability of communication and transportation networks, the number of international students has dramatically increased over the last decades. This is supported by data showing that in 1990 there were 1 million international students all over the world, a number that exponentially increased to 3 million in 2007(OECD, 2009. It is estimated that more and more students will seek international experience and there will be a total of 7.2 million international students in the year of 2025 (Bohm, Davis, Meares, & Pearce, 2002).For these students moving abroad provides a cross-cultural opportunity with tangible benefits for themselves and their host institutions. For students, this opportunity broadens their perspectives and promotes professional, academic, and personal growth, whilst providing the understanding of another world-view (Andrade, 2006;Furnham & Bochner, 1986;McClure, 2007). For hosts, international students are an extremely valuable asset as they contribute academically, culturally, and financially to universities and also host countries (Burslem, 2004). In the UK, for example, it is estimated that their presence contributes with £12.5 billion per year to the British economy (British Council, 2008), a figure that exceeds the profits generated by significant export industries such as alcoholic drinks, textiles, and cultural and media industries (Vickers & Bekhradnia, 2007).Nonetheless, these benefits are associated with important costs for international students. Apart from being often stereotyped as handicapped, bewildered, and lacking English language ability and familiarity with the education system (Mestenhauser, 1983;Paige, 1990;Pedersen, 1991), they also face other negative stereotypes associated with their ethnicity and cultural background (Lee & Rice, 2007;Spencer-Rodgers, 2001). In this context they are often targets of racism (Yoon & Portman, 2004), face ...

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Diversity, International Students, and Perceived Discrimination: Implications for Educators and Counselors

Cited by 233 publications

References 13 publications

Fairness Perceptions and Experiences of Muslim University Students in Canada

Fairness Perceptions and Experiences of Muslim University Students in Canada

A review of the acculturation experiences of international students

A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Discrimination on the Acculturation Strategies of International Students

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