Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly. AD involves parts of the brain that can lead to progressive memory loss and impaired language skills and cognitive thinking, affecting one's ability to carry out daily activities. Aging, bad dietary habits, family history, as well as altered gut microbiota composition may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Although the association between the imbalance of gut microbiota and AD is still difficult to determine, it has been suggested that dysbiosis can lead to the increased secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloid, which may impair the permeability of the intestine and the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, it can progress the process of neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, and ultimately neuronal death. Microbiota-targeted interventions such as personalized diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) might represent a potential therapeutic option for AD. This review article discusses the procedure of FMT and its possible side effects on the recipient's body. In addition, we review the role of FMT in the context of its application in various nervous system-related disorders (AD, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis).
Background- The burden of diabetes in India is expected to worsen in the coming years. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a validated and cost‑effective tool to identify risk of developing diabetes among population. Objectives- To assess the risk of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus using the IDRS in adults aged 30 years and above and to study the association of risk of diabetes with other factors. Material & Methods- A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kalyanpuri area of East Delhi. Data collection was done from August to December, 2018. 494 residents aged 30 years and above were included in the study. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results- 43.7 % of the study subjects were aged 50 years or above and majority (65.38%) were females. More than half (59.31%) of the subjects were found to have high risk of diabetes. Age and central obesity were found to be significantly associated with risk of diabetes (p<0.05). Risk of developing diabetes was not associated with gender. Conclusion- Early detection of risk of diabetes by periodic screening and appropriate behavioral change communication would be effective in controlling the diabetes crisis.
COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most challenging pandemics of the recent times. Although physical-distancing and other transmission-mitigation strategies have helped battling this virus in the most effective way, but this will also paradoxically leave the population without immunity to COVID-19 and thus susceptible to additional waves of infection. Thus, to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, safe and effective vaccination programme is required globally with robust vaccination strategies. This article pens down the important strategies being implemented globally for successful vaccination programme and critically reviewing them from public health perspective.
Since the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918, a pandemic of such magnitude as the COVID-19 pandemic was yet to be confronted. While the pandemic led to unforeseen challenges globally as well as at the country level, it also brought forth certain perennial issues. This editorial is an attempt to revisit some of the major challenges faced by healthcare professionals in India during the pandemic. Timely interventions by the government of India dealt with several challenges confronted by the healthcare sector. However, issues about working hours, mental health, safety, and security of healthcare professionals also need to be looked into in the future.
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