Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Microbiome Modulation Technique for Alzheimer’s Disease

Nandwana, Varsha; Debbarma, Shibajee

doi:10.7759/cureus.16503

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…2 ). FMT is currently used for Clostridium difficile infection relapses [ 102 ], but potentially could be therapeutic for a variety of conditions where the GMB has been linked to pathological progression [ 103 , 104 ]. In AD, a pair of studies were published recently demonstrating the effectiveness of FMT in reducing pathology in AD mouse models [ 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

Chandra

Sisodia

Vassar

2023

Mol Neurodegeneration

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline in cognition. There are currently few effective disease modifying therapies for AD, but insights into the mechanisms that mediate the onset and progression of disease may lead to new, effective therapeutic strategies. Amyloid beta oligomers and plaques, tau aggregates, and neuroinflammation play a critical role in neurodegeneration and impact clinical AD progression. The upstream modulators of these pathological features have not been fully clarified, but recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) may have an influence on these features and therefore may influence AD progression in human patients. In this review, we summarize studies that have identified alterations in the GMB that correlate with pathophysiology in AD patients and AD mouse models. Additionally, we discuss findings with GMB manipulations in AD models and potential GMB-targeted therapeutics for AD. Lastly, we discuss diet, sleep, and exercise as potential modifiers of the relationship between the GMB and AD and conclude with future directions and recommendations for further studies of this topic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

Chandra

Sisodia

Vassar

2023

Mol Neurodegeneration

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“…The realization that gut microbiota plays a role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating practically every major bodily system, including the central nervous system (CNS), has sparked a revolt in biomedicine during the last two decades [ 6 ]. The “gut–brain axis” (GBA) implies the existence of a two-way communication route between gut microorganisms and the CNS, is now widely accepted [ 7 ], and dysregulation of this axis is increasingly suspected of being involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, etc. [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microbiome in Brain Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nandwana

Das

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Hundreds of billions of commensal microorganisms live in and on our bodies, most of which colonize the gut shortly after birth and stay there for the rest of our lives. In animal models, bidirectional communications between the central nervous system and gut microbiota (Gut–Brain Axis) have been extensively studied, and it is clear that changes in microbiota composition play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, anxiety, stress, and so on. The makeup of the microbiome is impacted by a variety of factors, such as genetics, health status, method of delivery, environment, nutrition, and exercise, and the present understanding of the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the preservation of brain functioning and the development of the aforementioned neurological illnesses is summarized in this review article. Furthermore, we discuss current breakthroughs in the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to address neurological illnesses. Moreover, we also discussed the role of boron-based diet in memory, boron and microbiome relation, boron as anti-inflammatory agents, and boron in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, in the coming years, boron reagents will play a significant role to improve dysbiosis and will open new areas for researchers.

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“…Both amyloid beta-peptide deposition [ 54 ] and mitochondrial damage [ 55 ] contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With the deepening of the understanding of the gut microbiome, numerous studies have attempted to explain the underlying mechanism of AD from the perspective of gut microbiota [ 56 , 57 ], and to improve cognitive status through probiotics [ 58 ] or FMT [ 59 ]. Studies have found that microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) [ 60 ], lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and SCFAs [ 61 ], are associated with amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition in the brain.…”

Section: The Roles Of Ipa In Host Diseases and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Summary of the Important Roles of Indole Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbial Metabolite in Host Health and Disease

2022

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Increasing evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play a crucial role in host–microbe interactions. Dietary tryptophan ingested by the host enters the gut, where indole-like metabolites such as indole propionic acid (IPA) are produced under deamination by commensal bacteria. Here, we summarize the IPA-producing bacteria, dietary patterns on IPA content, and functional roles of IPA in various diseases. IPA can not only stimulate the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins to enhance gut barrier function and inhibit the penetration of toxic factors, but also modulate the immune system to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to synergistically regulate body physiology. Moreover, IPA can act on target organs through blood circulation to form the gut–organ axis, which helps maintain systemic homeostasis. IPA shows great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical diseases, such as NAFLD, Alzheimer’s disease, and breast cancer. However, the therapeutic effect of IPA depends on dose, target organ, or time. In future studies, further work should be performed to explore the effects and mechanisms of IPA on host health and disease to further improve the existing treatment program.

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Microbiome Modulation Technique for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

The Role of Microbiome in Brain Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Extensive Summary of the Important Roles of Indole Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbial Metabolite in Host Health and Disease

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