This study investigated the effect of daily oral administration with allicin levels (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg of female body weight), 30 days pre‐insemination, on reproductive performance in vivo and in vitro, immunity, and oxidative stress of rabbit does under high ambient temperature. Niliparous NZW does (n = 105) were randomly divided into three groups (35 in each) treated with 0, 5 and 10 mg allicin dissolved in 2 ml distilled water, respectively, for 30 days pre‐insemination. At the end of treatment (30 days), does were artificially inseminated with fresh diluted semen of 20 fertile NZW bucks. Reproductive performance and ovulatory response parameters were determined. Serum biochemicals, enzyme activity, immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and antioxidant status were determined on day 30 of treatment. Serum progesterone and prolactin were determined pre‐insemination (30 days of treatment), on 15 days of pregnancy and 7 days post‐partum. Results showed that both allicin levels increased live litter size, and bunny viability rat and litter size at birth and weaning. Allicin levels increased ovulation rate and improved embryo quality. Number of total follicles decreased only with 10 mg allicin. Progesterone increased pre‐insemination, 15 days of pregnancy and 7 days post‐partum progesterone by allicin levels. Prolactin pre‐insemination and on day 7 post‐partum increased with 10 mg allicin. Serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, IgG and IgM increased, while glucose, aspartate and alanine aminotransaminases, and thiobarbituric acid reaction decreased by both allicin levels. In conclusion, the mechanism by which allicin administration 30 days pre‐insemination to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit does is based on that allicin can play an important role, as a natural exogenous antioxidant, increasing immune response and reducing lipid peroxidation.

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The effect of The effect of block, convolutional and Turbo coding on the probability of error and the capacity are investigated for CDMA IRIDIUM Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite systems. The model employed assumes a contaminated Gaussian traffic model. The conventional Gaussian distribution can be considered as a special case.

To investigate the effect of rbST treatment in relation to some hormones (IGF-I and GH) and metabolites (glucose and urea-N) on the initiation of early puberty in Friesian heifers, a total of 16 Friesian heifers having 187.63±2.56 kg live body weight and 8.23±0.59 months of age was divided into two similar groups, 8 animals each. Animals in the first group (G1) were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with saline (0.9% Nacl) while, animals in the second group (G2) were s.c. injected with 250 mg rbST 14 d-interval for five times pre-puberty. Feeding system and management were the same for both groups. Blood samples were collected to determine concentration of P4, GH, IGF-I, glucose and urea-N in blood plasma throughout the experimental period from 8.2 mo of age up to puberty. Results show insignificant differences in average P4 concentration during 3 wk pre-puberty, P4 peak pre-puberty and interval from P4 peak to puberty. The interval from 1 st rbST injection to puberty was earlier (83.67 vs. 136.0 d, P<0.05) and LBW was lighter (254.6 vs. 279.1 kg) in G2 than in G1. Concentration of P4 at puberty was not affected by treatment. Average age at puberty was 342 and 391d in G2 and G1, respectively. Overall concentration of P4 during the experimental period was nearly similar in G1 and G2, being 0.460 and 0.472 ng/ml, respectively. Concentration of IGF-I and GH was higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1 as overall mean or pre-and at puberty. This increase was about 20 and 19% for IGF-I and 61 and 41% for GH pre-and at puberty, respectively. The differences in IGF-I and GH between pre-and at puberty for each group were not significant. Average concentration of IGF-I showed sharp increase post the 1 st rbST injection by about 24.5%. Overall concentration of glucose during the experimental period increased (P<0.05) in rbST group (85.9 mg/dl) as compared to the control group (79.1 mg/dl), although glucose concentration pre-and at puberty was not affected significantly by rbST treatment. Concentration of urea-N was lower (P<0.001) in G2 than in G1 as overall mean (27.5 vs. 32.2 mg/dl). Also, concentration of urea-N reduced (P<0.05) in G2 compared with G1 pre-and at puberty by 15 and 19%, respectively. Pre-pubertal urea-N concentration in heifers showed marked reduction by increasing number of injections, in particular post-1 st injection. The strongest positive correlation was between concentration of GH and IGF-I (r= 0.695, P<0.001). In conclusion, rbST treatment at a level of 250 mg at 14-day interval for five successive times pre-puberty is strongly in relation to concentration of GH and IGF-I and in less extend to glucose and urea-N concentration to induce precocious puberty in Friesian heifers