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Chinese university students, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale (TSWLS), validation,

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Objectives: The concept of recovery has begun shifting mental health service delivery from a medical perspective toward a clientcentered recovery orientation. This shift is also beginning in Hong Kong, but its development is hampered by a dearth of available measures in Chinese. Method: This article translates two measures of recovery (mental health recovery measure and the recovery subscale of peer outcomes protocol) and one measure of recovery-promoting environments (recovery self-assessment) into Chinese and investigates their psychometric properties among 206 Hong Kong Chinese people with severe mental illness. Result: Multifactor solutions from earlier studies were not replicated; our evidence pointed to one-factor solutions. Since all recovery measures demonstrated high internal consistency reliability (.92 to .96), we analyzed total scale scores. Conclusion: Moderately high correlations among the recovery measures (.33 to .56) provide some support for construct validity, yet further investigation of recovery measures in a Chinese population is needed. Keywords schizophrenia, mental health recovery, scale validation, Hong Kong ChineseAn accumulation of historical evidence over the past century has begun to moderate the previously bleak prognosis for individuals with severe mental illnesses, particularly for those with schizophrenia (Frese, Knight, & Saks, 2009). Long-term studies of schizophrenia patients have consistently found higher than expected rates of functional (50-59%) and full recovery (22-26%) in follow-up periods of 20 or more years (Bleuler, 1978;Ciompi, 1980;Huber, Gross, Schuttler, & Linz, 1980) suggesting the negative prognosis routinely associated with schizophrenia is frequently incorrect (Hopper, Harrison, Janca, & Sartorius, 2007).Early in this century in the United States, the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health Report (2002) critiqued a fragmented mental health system based on a disease model that ''simply manages symptoms and accepts long-term disability'' (p. 1). The Commission posed a challenge to fundamentally transform mental health care in the United States to ''ensure that mental health services and supports actively facilitate recovery, and build resilience to face life's challenges'' (p. 1). This shift in the orientation of mental health services from managing long-term disability and toward promoting recovery has resonated in many parts of the

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