A polyacrylamide gel (PAG) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) is introduced as a new tissue-mimicking phantom for the purpose of visualizing three-dimensional coagulation temperature distribution during radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The coagulation temperature of the phantom can be changed at the same range of biological tissue (50-60 degrees C) by adjusting the pH from 4.3 to 4.7. The phantom is transparent except in thermal coagulation regions which are ivory white. The physical properties of the phantom, such as density, electrical conductivity and specific heat capacity, are very favorable, similar to those of soft tissues. We illustrate the usefulness of the phantom in visualizing RFA lesions. This phantom has magnetic resonance properties which change drastically upon thermal coagulation, enabling its use for the characterization of RFA device, quality assurance, treatment planning and treatment verification. The PAG containing BSA, whose pH was adjusted from 4.3 to 4.7, is an attractive tissue-mimicking phantom suitable for RFA investigations.
BACKGROUND A gastric glomus tumor is relatively rare, and there is little knowledge on its endoscopic ultrasound findings. AIM To assess the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of gastric glomus tumor and to discuss its value by reviewing the literature. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the EUS characteristics of gastric glomus tumor (such as tumor location, shape, size, echogenicity, homogeneity, margins, layer of origin, and so on) was performed. The study included 12 cases of gastric glomus tumor confirmed by surgery and pathology (7 females and 5 males, age range 36-74 years, average age was 58.2 years). RESULTS All the lesions were located in the gastric antrum (12 cases), protruding into the cavity, with a diameter between 1 and 3.5 cm. Glomus tumor of the stomach manifested as a circumscribed and slightly hypoechoic mass in the fourth layer, with an internal heterogeneous echo mixed with hyperechogenic spots and a marginal more hypoechoic halo. Smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon and vimentin were shown to be positive by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Although glomus tumor of the stomach is relatively rare, a typical glomus tumor of the stomach has characteristic changes under EUS.
The incidence of malignant bone tumor increases every year. Because the application of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of bone tumors is still at a nascent stage, it is essential to study the effectiveness of this technique in ideal animal models in order to obtain a beneficial reference for imaging studies. In this study, we established a VX2 malignant bone tumor model and evaluated this model by contrast-enhanced sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results show that all tumors were enhanced after injection of SonoVue. A contrast-enhanced MRI scan revealed obvious enhancement within the tumors. Histological examination revealed the presence of a large number of tumor cells. The model can serve as an ideal experimental model for the study of HIFU therapy in the treatment of malignant bone tumors and as a reference for imaging studies during follow-ups.
The aim of this study was to compare the appearance of the normal male obturator internus on transrectal ultrasound with anatomical examination to advance the knowledge of the male pelvic muscles. This information may help to provide a new imaging method for observation of the normal male obturator internus and may facilitate the treatment of obturator internus abscesses and various other types of interventional therapies. Ten formalin-fixed male cadavers were dissected to examine the appearance and structure of the obturator internus and its relationship with the structures in close proximity. The obturator internus was also observed in five fresh male cadavers using transrectal ultrasound, after which the anatomy of the muscle was confirmed by dissection and its thickness measured. The visible fusiform was observed by sonography. The measurements of obturator internus thickness were 13.33 ± 0.32 mm on the right and 13.41 ± 0.26 mm on the left; in the formalin-fixed fresh cadaver, the measurements were 13.16 ± 0.21 mm on the right and 13.17 ± 0.22 mm on the left. Using transrectal ultrasound to recognize and observe the obturator internus is a new imaging method that will provide a foundation for the recognition of its abnormalities in the future.
Our results indicate that HIFU appears to be an effective therapy for ovarian carcinoma tumours in the athymic nude mouse model. We suggest that it may hold promise for the clinical treatment of late-stage and recurrent ovarian cancer.
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