The present study was conducted to analyze the fresh and post-thaw semen quality and fertility from native bulls of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), BLRI Cattle Breed 1 (BCB1), and Munshiganj Cattle of Bangladesh. One hundred and seventy-two ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina set and semen analysis was performed using Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. Commercial extender (AndroMed) was used to dilute the fresh semen. After equilibration (4˚C for 4 hr), freezing was done using a programmable bio-freezer. Post-thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility and kinematics. Cryopreserved semen straws were used for artificial insemination (AI) and determined the bull fertility based on 60 days non-return rate. Motility of the sperm differs significantly (p < 0.01) among the genotypes. Total motility was higher in Munshiganj bulls and static motility was higher in BCB1 bulls. However, the semen volume and sperm concentration did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) among the bulls but the highest concentration was found in Munshiganj bull (1669.60 ± 192.07 million/ml) followed by RCC (1648.70 ± 91.07 million/ml) and BCB1 bull (1481.60 ± 167.35 million/ml). Moreover, the highest bent tail (5.89 ± 0.75%), coiled tail (1.01% ± 0.22%) and distal mid-piece reflex (2.26% ± 0.28%) were observed in BCB1 followed by Munshiganj and RCC. Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) was recorded higher in post-thaw than in fresh semen. Kinematics parameters of post-thaw semen decreased than fresh semen irrespective of genotypes. More number of doses/ejaculates can be produced from Munshiganj bull (394.34 ± 127.95) followed by RCC (349.01 ± 120.91
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) plays an important role of public service to animal welfare since the period of 1984. There are a lot of cattle with their proper records in this Institute's cattle farm but previously no report regarding the dynamics of disease prevalence was published. So this research was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical diseases and manifestations of cattle recorded and breed susceptibility to such diseases in different seasons during the period of January 2011 to December 2014. A total of 1558 cattle (where Pabna was 906 and Red Chittagong Cattle was 652) were included under this study. Diagnoses of clinical diseases and disorders were based on clinical history, clinical findings and different laboratory tests. Among the clinical cases, the highest prevalence was determined in case of ring worm (3.11%) followed by diarrhoea (1.86%), bovine ephemeral fever (1.08%), pneumonia (0.96%), alopecia (0.81%), mange (0.37%), tympany/bloat (0.69%), fever (0.64), lameness (0.53%), arthritis (0.40%), mastitis (0.39%), malnutrition (0.26%) and posthitis (0.19%). Infectious diseases like foot and mouth disease (FMD), black quarter (BQ), anthrax and haemorrhagic septicemia (HS) were not found which may be due to regular vaccination and maintenances of strict biosecurity. In case of breed, higher prevalence (12.09%) was found in Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) compared to Pabna (11.13%). Among the seasonal cases, winter season (5.21%) had higher prevalence than rainy season (2.26%) followed by summer season (1.65%) in case of RCC, while summer season (3.85%) had higher prevalence than winter season (3.74%) followed by rainy season (3.30%) in case of Pabna. It may be concluded that several diseases and disorders occurred in the BLRI cattle farm but major infectious diseases did not take place owing to improved management of the farm.
Understanding the genetic basis of locally adapted indigenous cattle populations is essential to design appropriate strategies and programs for their genetic improvement and conservation. Here, we report genetic diversity measures, population differentiation, and structure of 218 animals sampled from six indicine cattle populations of Bangladesh. Animals were genotyped with Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip along with genotyped data of 505 individuals included from 19 zebu and taurine breeds worldwide. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear geographic separation between taurine and indicine lineages where Bangladeshi indigenous cattle clustered with South Asian zebu populations. However, overlapped clusters in PCA, heterozygosity estimates, and Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree analysis revealed weak genetic differentiation among the indigenous cattle populations of Bangladesh. The admixture analysis at K = 5 and 9 suggests distinct genetic structure of the studied populations along with 1 to 4% of taurine ancestry. The effective population size suggested a limited pool of ancestors particularly for Sahiwal and North Bengal Grey cattle. In conclusion, these findings shed insights into the genetic architecture of six indigenous cattle populations of Bangladesh for the first time and suggested as distinct gene pools without potential admixture with zebu or taurine populations.
A study on clinical observation, management and complication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in cattle was carried out in Chuadanga sadar upazilla during 24 weeks period from July 2012 to January 2013. Clinical data were collected from 108 cattle of both sexes. The effect of season, breed, age, sex and purpose of keeping cattle on the incidence of the disease was analyzed. Seasonal variation of the disease was significant. Crossbred was found to be more susceptible than local breed. The prevalence of the disease was found significantly higher in male than female. The clinical prevalence of FMD increased in the month of November (31.48%). The prevalence of FMD in other months varies from 5-21%. Clinical observation of FMD affected cattle showed fever, anorexia, salivation and erosive lesion on oral mucosa and inter digital region of foot. Antibacterial drug could be recommended for clinical practice to control secondary bacterial infection in complicated FMD cases.
Semen quality may be affected by several genetic and environmental factors. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of age on semen quality, kinematic properties, and frozen semen production potentialities of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) bulls. Eighty-eight (88) ejaculates from 12 breeding bulls (4 bull/group) of RCC breed were used in this experiment. The bulls were categorized into three groups based on their age (Group 1: 2.5-4.0 years, Group 2: 4.0-6.0 years, Group 3: 6.0- 8.0 years). Semen was collected once/week regularly in the early morning (6-6.30 AM) with an AV set. Different motility, morphology, and kinematic properties of sperm were evaluated by Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA). One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range post-test was used to assess differences among the mean using SPSS (25.0) software. Bull age has no significant effects on semen volume and concentration. Although a higher volume was found for group 3 (4.36±1.00) followed by group 2 (4.13±1.28) and group 1 (4.02±1.00). Sperm concentration increases with the increase of bull age. There were no significant differences found (p>0.05) for none of the motility parameters in fresh and frozen RCC bull semen irrespective of age. Significantly higher distal droplet (%) was observed for older bulls followed by group 2 and group 1 bulls. All breeding bulls irrespective of their age have more than two folds higher proximal droplet % than the normal value. Bull age has no significant difference in sperm kinematics and dose/ejaculates (p>0.05). With the increasing age of the bull, the number of dose/ejaculates (418.91±166.11 in group-3 vs. 384.75±137.33 in group-1) increases. In this experimental condition, RCC breeding bulls can be used for breeding purposes for up to 8 years with similar efficiency as a younger bull if the bulls have proper physical fitness for mounting and semen collection.
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