Popular media culture fandom is associated with a variety of positive psychological, social, and cultural outcomes, but people who participate in these fandoms may be socially stigmatized because of the object of their fandom. A 2 (Fandom Type: Science Fiction/Fantasy; Sport) ϫ 2 (Target Fan Sex: Female; Male) between-subjects experimental design was used to examine the influence of fandom type and fan sex on the 3 dimensions of interpersonal attraction: social, physical, and task. In general, science fiction/fantasy fans were perceived as less socially and physically attractive compared to sport fans, particularly male science fiction/fantasy fans. However, there were no differences between the groups in task attractiveness. Female sport fans were judged as more physically and socially attractive than female science fiction/fantasy fans.

During a 2016 National Football League (NFL) preseason game, former San Francisco 49er quarterback, Colin Kaepernick sat during the playing of the national anthem in protest of police brutality. His actions prompted national outrage: ultimately calling into question his national identity and patriotism towards the United States. The anthem protest continued throughout the 2016 and through the 2017 season. Consequently, the NFL decided to implement a national anthem policy to discipline players who continued to protest. Thus, this study examined individuals’ perceptions of the NFL’s crisis responsibility in handling the anthem protest and how it affected their reputation. Further, this study examined national identity and patriotism as mediators between crisis responsibility and organizational reputation. Results indicated that national identity did not serve as a mediator and that only one level of patriotism mediated the relationship. A discussion was also forwarded.

In 1989, former Major League Baseball (MLB) player John Young created the Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities (RBI) program as a way to increase the number of African Americans becoming involved with the game of baseball. Along with this program, MLB created the Urban Youth Academy (UYA) in 2006 as a way to not only teach the game but also provide life skills to youth and adults. However, MLB continues to struggle in developing relationships and increasing involvement of African Americans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand why African Americans are not interested or involved in MLB. Corporate social responsibility and relationship management theory were used as the frameworks for this study. Eleven RBI and UYA program managers were interviewed to determine the challenges they face in getting African Americans involved in the game. Results from this study indicated four themes regarding MLB program managers’ challenges: inconsistency in measuring success, lack of parental involvement, and lack of trust. A discussion, implications, and future directions are addressed.

A combined moire´-Sagnac interferometry method was applied for in-plane and out-of- plane crack-tip surface deformation measurement. Based on 2-D and 3-D Jacobian derivative method (JDM), a stress intensity factor evaluation procedure is proposed. This procedure utilizes selected measured displacements around the crack-tip region as input nodal displacements to calculate the stress intensity factor and the results correlate well with the theoretical calculations. The extent of the 3-D crack-tip deformation zone is also discussed.

ABSTRACTmA combined Moir6-Sagnae interferometry method is developed for in-plane (u and v) and out-of-plane (w) surface deformation measurement. The combined optical setup is used to measure three-dimensional crack tip deformations of AI 2024-0 and AI 2024-T4 specimens at room temperature and an Inconel 909 specimen at 570~ Measured displacements near the crack tip region of the AI 2024-T4 specimen are used as input nodal displacements to determine stress intensity factors based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional Jacobian derivative method. The values compare favorably with theoretical calculations. The extent of the three-dimensional crack tip deformation zone is also discussed.KEY WORDS--3-D crack-tip deformation, Moir6-Sagnac Interferometry, high-temperature measurement, Jacobian Derivative method Three-dimensional crack tip displacement measurements are often needed in the field of fracture mechanics research. The crack tip region may be subjected to large deformation gradients, and typical experimental methods, which can only measure discrete surface deformations, may not provide sufficient information about the deformations in this region. Acquiring crack tip displacements becomes even more complicated when the measurements are made under harsh environmental conditions such as under high temperatures. In these instances, it may not be possible or desirable to affix a measuring device to the specimen. As an alternative, various optical techniques have been developed to measure surface deformations. These optical techniques provide fullfield measurements. The response time is essentially instantaneous, and the measurement system does not interfere with the process examined.Moir6 interferometry has been shown to be applicable for in-plane deformation measurement of specimens under harsh environmental conditions, i.e., at elevated temperatures 1-4 or in liquid medium. temperature. 6-I~ Measurements obtained by Michelson interferometry or similar interferometric methods are sensitive to variations in the medium (such as temperature field fluctuation and flatness of the furnace window) and thus may not be suitable for high-temperature testing. Moir6 interferometry can be used to measure both in-plane and out-of-plane displacements; 8,9 however, the approach requires the placement of a reference grating near the surface of the specimen to measure the out-of-plane displacements. This configuration is not practical for a specimen under elevated temperature conditions. The technique of holographic interferometry requires the superposition of a deformed image onto an original undeformed image 6 and thus is sensitive to the stability of the mechanical system and environmental conditions, l~ A simpler method for obtaining the out-of-plane displacements is desired.The purpose of this paper is to report the development of a combined optical method capable of full-field threedimensional surface displacement measurements of specimens under elevated temperature conditions. Moir6 interferometry is used to obtain the in-...

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