In this study, the level of natural radioactivity in the banks of the Euphrates River was evaluated of four sites for the passage of the Euphrates(Al Kufa, Abu Sukhair, Al Mishkhab and Al Qadisiyah), as samples were collected along the Euphrates River within the province of Najaf. The radioactivity of naturally formed radioactive materials of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 series soluble strands in addition to the Potassium -40 radioisotope was determined using the NaI (Tl) sodium iodide reagent system (3"x3"). The values of normal radioactivity were measured in units (Bq.L−1). Where was The concentration ranged from 16.44 to 143.88 (Bq.L−1)for 40K,0.90 to 6.16 (Bq.L−1) for 238U and 1.17 to 5.29 (Bq.L−1) for 232Th. The radium equivalent activity was below the defined limit of 370 (Bq.L−1),the calculated exterior hazard indices had been determined to be much less than (one) from the results. Therefore that can be considered as database of these rivers in the future. Also we calculated that the average committed effective dose by ingestion of water for a typical adult was found to be 0.269 mSv.y−1 note that the average internal dose of 290 μSv.y−1 measured by the Scientific Committee of the United Nations on the Effects of Radiation for food and water consumption .finally we found out Excess lifetime cancer risk is 0.672*10−3 which is significantly less than the ICRP cancer risk of 2.5 × 10−3 which mean that the samples are safe healthy.
Radon is a radioactive natural gas that tends to concentrate in indoor homes and has major health consequences, the most serious of which is the ability to cause lung cancer. This research involves measuring indoor radon concentrations in different types of homes (non-smokers and smokers) in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, as well as assessing radon concentrations in cigarette samples acquired from Iraqi markets. nuclear track detectors were used to measure radiological parameters to determine annual effective dose levels and the associated cancer risk (CR-39). The average indoor radon concentrations, annual effective dose, and increased cancer risk attributable to the inhalation of indoor radon were 22.93 ± 3.67 Bq.m-3, 0.58 ± 0.08 mSv.y-1 and 2.2 ×10-3 ± 0.35 respectively, for non-smokers home. For smokers’ home, these parameters were 29.77 ± 5.24 Bq.m-3, 0.75 ± 0.12 mSv.y-1, and 2.89 ×10-3±0.50, respectively. The value of radon gas in cigarette samples ranged from 24.16 ± 2.55 to 33.91 ± 5.13 Bq.m-3. The obtained results have been compared with limits recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and found to be within allowed limits.
Right now, specific radioactivity of soil chose from Diwaniya Governorate was estimated. Ten samples of this soil were gathered. These samples were from some general education schools, where the samples were taken from diversified sites. to define the specific activity from the radioactivity 232Th, 238U and 40K, Iodide sodium system activated with Thallium 3"×3" had been used for this aim, finally for Thorium 232Th ranged between (BLD-14.652) Bq.kg−1, average (5.334) Bq.kg−1. for Uranium 238U, it is ranged between (BLD-26.187) Bq.kg−1, average (8.364) Bq.kg−1, where the result showed that radio activity of potassium 40K ranged between (346.823-536.704) Bq.kg−1 with a rate of (450.482) Bq.kg−1, The radium equivalent values ranged between (33.951-68.194) Bq.kg−1, average (50.68) Bq.kg−1, the absorbed dose rate in air ranged between (18.386- 33.995) nGy.h−1, average (25.962) nGy.h−1, External hazard index ranged through (0.091-0.184), average (0.136), Internal hazard index ranged through (0.091-0.226), average (0.159). activity concentration index ranged between (0.293-0.538), average (0.409), the observed results were below the International recommended limits.
pasta (Macaroni) is a dry, hollow pastry, made from cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, etc. It is a diet rich in carbohydrates for different age groups. In this research study examines the emergence one of the long-lived gamma radiation emitters in the various types of pasta available in the Iraqi market. We found concentration of (238U), (232Th) and (40K) In units (Becquerel / kg) measured in (20) Various types for pasta that could be obtained in the Iraqi market.( Radium equivalent ), (internal hazard index), and (absorbed dose rate) were also calculated for all studied samples. radiometric measurements by using the gamma spectrometry NaI(Tl) detector. The specific activity in Macaroni samples were wide-ranging from (0.232±0.195) Becquerel / kg to (22.869±2.005) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (6.081) Becquerel / kg for238U, For 232Th From (0.018±0.36) Becquerel / kg to (114.269±1.40) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (21.672) Becquerel / kg and for 40K from (58.724±2.28) Bq/kg to (1145.99±10.57) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (663.092) Becquerel / kg. Also, Where we found that the internal risk index as well as the radium equivalent in the samples (pasta) ranged from (0.0135) to (0.8031) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (0.2672) Becquerel / kg and for the equivalent radium, the values were from (4.780) Becquerel / kg to (274,515) Becquerel / kg, and at a rate (177.262) Becquerel / kg. This study showed that, risk indicators calculated in this study are safe and do not constitute any health threat to humans.
Knowledge Expertise of radioactivity levels in the human diet is very important to estimating potential radiological risks to human health. During this research gamma ray spectroscopy technique was used to measure the awareness and amount of the annual effective dose (Eave) due to Uranium, Thorium and Potassium and the lifetime risk factor for cancer (ELCR) in forty samples, of the most widely used medicinal herbs in Iraq and evaluation of ingested doses through herbs consumption, the estimated total annual effective dose received of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium due to the population’s consumption of medicinal herbs ranges (0.0124-0.9632) with a mean (0.1502), (0.0024-5.7334) with a mean (0.4750), (0.8324-7.9970) with a mean (2.9349) in units (μSv/y) respectively, while the lifetime risk factor for cancer was ranges (0.0291-0.2798) with a mean (0.1026). All results indicate that they are within the permissible limits for medical and food use, and when comparing the results with IAEA publications and international and Arab research, it was found that they are significantly less than the permissible global range and therefore do not pose a threat to human health also can be considered as database of these herbs in the future.
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