Right now, specific radioactivity of soil chose from Diwaniya Governorate was estimated. Ten samples of this soil were gathered. These samples were from some general education schools, where the samples were taken from diversified sites. to define the specific activity from the radioactivity 232Th, 238U and 40K, Iodide sodium system activated with Thallium 3"×3" had been used for this aim, finally for Thorium 232Th ranged between (BLD-14.652) Bq.kg−1, average (5.334) Bq.kg−1. for Uranium 238U, it is ranged between (BLD-26.187) Bq.kg−1, average (8.364) Bq.kg−1, where the result showed that radio activity of potassium 40K ranged between (346.823-536.704) Bq.kg−1 with a rate of (450.482) Bq.kg−1, The radium equivalent values ranged between (33.951-68.194) Bq.kg−1, average (50.68) Bq.kg−1, the absorbed dose rate in air ranged between (18.386- 33.995) nGy.h−1, average (25.962) nGy.h−1, External hazard index ranged through (0.091-0.184), average (0.136), Internal hazard index ranged through (0.091-0.226), average (0.159). activity concentration index ranged between (0.293-0.538), average (0.409), the observed results were below the International recommended limits.
In the present work, effective radium activity, radon exhalation rates and uranium in medicinal plants have been measured,samples collected from Iraqi markets. Sealed cup technique containing CR-39 solid state nuclear detector was used. Radium concentration varies from (0.0297 ± 0.004) Bq/kg to (0.327 ± 0.126) Bq/kg with an average of (0.142 ± 0.025) Bq/kg. The radon exhalation rate in terms of area varies from (2.287 ± 0.384) μBq/m2.d to (25.193 ± 9.729) μBq/m2.d with an average of (10.986 ± 1.989) μBq/m2.d, while uranium concentrations were ranged from (0.018 ± 0.002) ppm to (0.202 ± 0.057) ppm with an average (0.087 ± 0.002) ppm. The values of radium concentration, exhalation rates and uranium in all the medicinal plants samples were less than the recommended by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), United Nations and Scientific Committee On The Effects Of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) respectively. The results have revealed that the radium and uranium concentration as well as exhalation rates in studied medicinal plants and the associated exhalation radon does not pose risk to human health.
Knowledge Expertise of radioactivity levels in the human diet is very important to estimating potential radiological risks to human health. During this research gamma ray spectroscopy technique was used to measure the awareness and amount of the annual effective dose (Eave) due to Uranium, Thorium and Potassium and the lifetime risk factor for cancer (ELCR) in forty samples, of the most widely used medicinal herbs in Iraq and evaluation of ingested doses through herbs consumption, the estimated total annual effective dose received of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium due to the population’s consumption of medicinal herbs ranges (0.0124-0.9632) with a mean (0.1502), (0.0024-5.7334) with a mean (0.4750), (0.8324-7.9970) with a mean (2.9349) in units (μSv/y) respectively, while the lifetime risk factor for cancer was ranges (0.0291-0.2798) with a mean (0.1026). All results indicate that they are within the permissible limits for medical and food use, and when comparing the results with IAEA publications and international and Arab research, it was found that they are significantly less than the permissible global range and therefore do not pose a threat to human health also can be considered as database of these herbs in the future.
Natural radioactivity has attracted a lot of attention in the world due to its crucial role in human safety. Sugar is compound, which is the generic name for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food while salt is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Sugar and salt are very important for human beings, as well as their proven benefits to the general health of human beings. Therefore, the measurement of natural radioactivity is a critical because of its direct impact on human safety. In this research, quantification has been made of natural radionuclide concentrations using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry. The analyses of samples reveal the mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and ℛaeq are found to 5.833±1.008, 5.922±0.721, 138.656±0.826, and 24.980(Bq.Kg−1), respectively. also, calculated Iα, Iγ and Hin the values were less than one, it was clear that the ratio of three nuclides concentrations were higher than internationally allowed limits. the estimated annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) resulting with an average 86.321*10−3(mSv.y−1) where lower than globally limits. The data were statistically processed and Pearson’s factor with p–value were calculated for concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K with annual ingestion dose for these nuclides where correlations of 226Ra were more a high increase statistical significance, direct, and positive with other parameters. The consumption of sugar and salt for adult, children and infant, where found the maximum value of cancer risk (ELCR) 0.2421*10−3 in adult for consumption of sugar while the minimum value 0.0005*10−3in infant from consumption of salt, which is less than the global value 2.5*10−3 that assessed by the united nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation to be due to food and water intake.
Ya- Hussein an outer road that links the governorates of Najaf and Karbala / Iraq, the soil on this road is a sandy desert. The study was conducted to calculate the radioactivity and the risk indicators for this soil, because this study is of great importance due to the contribution of many factors to increasing the concentrations of radionuclides as they are transported through the soil then to humans and endanger their lives. We have estimated 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentrations in the paper, with their radiological risks in 15 soil sample types gathered from road Ya - Hussein / Iraq, investigated by using gamma ray spectrometry detector NaI (Tl). The result showed the soil sampling concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were there an average among 17.386±1.327, 15.889±0.556 and 553.269±4.997 with unit (Bq.kg−1) respectively. Likewise (ℋ in; ℋ ex) hazard indices, total annual effective dose which was below the internationally recommended limits and excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated ( 0. 793*10−3 ) was lower than the worldwide value. All parameters were statistically studied, and the correlation between the parameters studied was calculated, Pearson’s correlation and ( P value ) among the variables. The correlation between gamma index (Iγ) and Alpha index (Iα) was strong, positive and direct, where it was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The studied area is considered safe and the samples are free from radiation safety threats then the soil does not pose a health risk in this road. Thus this study can be considered as a baseline for future studied on the studied area.
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