As the world’s populations increase and age, there is a parallel increase in the number of medical procedures addressed to bone related injuries. It is estimated that approximately 1 million of orthopaedic implant surgeries in association with total joint replacements are needed every year. This number is expected to double between 1999 and 2025 as a result of increasing numbers of musculoskeletal injuries (i.e., due to routine activities such as work, sport, etc.) and musculoskeletal diseases (i.e., such as osteoporosis, arthritis and bursitis due to increase age). Consequently, the increase demand for better quality of life has necessarily led people to opt for high quality orthopaedic devices for early recovery and speedy resumption of their routine activities. Unfortunately in the present time, it has been found that the current used orthopaedic implants have the tendencies to fail after long period of usage, due to the corrosion issue of implant in the human body. Therefore, this paper provides a simple overview about the corrosion issue of stainless steel (SS) 316L as implants in human body. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydroxypaptite (HA) bioceramic was proposed as the approach to minimize the corrosion phenomena. Additionally, the corrosion testing of HA coated SS 316L in comparison to pristine SS 316L was also performed and discussed

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The rise in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) in recent years due to rapid development of modern civilisation, has been listed as the primary contributor to global warming.To address this global issue, membrane technology was applied and developed intensively because of its superior performance in terms of efficiency and economic advantages. In this study, the cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) polymer was selected as the polymer matrix material since it exhibited excellent film-forming properties. In addition, the wet-phase inversion technique was adopted to synthesise the membrane based on different casting conditions. The optimum outcomes of the fabrication conditions were then characterised with the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) to determine the best CAB membrane for CO2/N2 separation. The results showed that CAB-70000 fabricated with 4 wt% of CAB polymer concentration, casting thickness of 250 µm, solvent evaporation time of 5 minutes, and 30 minutes of solvent exchange for isopropyl alcohol and n-hexane, exhibited the best gas separation performance. Further, CAB-70000 showed an average selectivity of 6.12 ± 0.09 and permeance up to 227.95 ± 0.39 GPU for CO2 and 37.28 ± 0.54 GPU for N2, respectively. In summary, this study is expected to show a detailed outline of the future direction and perspective of the novel CAB polymeric membrane that is suitable to be applied in the industry, and serves as an insight for researchers and manufacturers working in the related field of gas separation.

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The improvement of the CO2 separation efficiency from flue gases has been identified as a high-priority research area, to reduce the total energy cost of sequestration technologies in coal-fired power plant. Among the separationtechniques, membrane technology, in particular mixed matrix membrane (MMM) appeared as the most attractive module due to its high separation capabilities (inorganic fillers) and economical processing materials (polymeric membrane). In this study, MMM was synthesized from cellulose acetate polymer with functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes served as the inorganic fillers by wet phase inversion. Both vacuum drying and ethanol-hexane exchange drying methods were compared to investigate their influence on the MMM morphologies and properties. Experimental findings (FESEM, AFM and ATR-FTIR) showed that the ethanol–hexane exchange drying was an appropriate method to minimize morphology change of MMM, whereas the vacuum drying caused the greatestshrinkage to MMM structure. The CO2 permeance results supported the proposed solvent exchange mechanism where MMM with solvent exchange drying showed to have improved in their mechanical strength and betterpermeance of (733.90-741.67) GPU compared to the vacuum drying (18.72-18.44) GPU within pressure range of 1 to 3 bars.

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