The corrosion scenario in human body: Stainless steel 316L orthopaedic implants

Abstract

As the world’s populations increase and age, there is a parallel increase in the number of medical procedures addressed to bone related injuries. It is estimated that approximately 1 million of orthopaedic implant surgeries in association with total joint replacements are needed every year. This number is expected to double between 1999 and 2025 as a result of increasing numbers of musculoskeletal injuries (i.e., due to routine activities such as work, sport, etc.) and musculoskeletal diseases (i.e., such as osteoporosis, arthritis and bursitis due to increase age). Consequently, the increase demand for better quality of life has necessarily led people to opt for high quality orthopaedic devices for early recovery and speedy resumption of their routine activities. Unfortunately in the present time, it has been found that the current used orthopaedic implants have the tendencies to fail after long period of usage, due to the corrosion issue of implant in the human body. Therefore, this paper provides a simple overview about the corrosion issue of stainless steel (SS) 316L as implants in human body. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydroxypaptite (HA) bioceramic was proposed as the approach to minimize the corrosion phenomena. Additionally, the corrosion testing of HA coated SS 316L in comparison to pristine SS 316L was also performed and discussed

Influence of Coating Parameter and Sintering Atmosphere on the Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Electrophoretically Deposited Composite Coatings

“…Constant attempts are being made to enhance the surface related issues of biomaterials to minimize the implant. In an effort to meet these demands, a range of deposition techniques such as electrophoretic, plasma spraying, sol-gel, in-situ nano-functionalization by laser etching and ion implantation [8,9] are being employed to modifiy surface properities to overcome failure of implants.…”

Impact Of Strain In Drawing Process And Surface Modification On Resistance To Electrochemical Corrosion Of Wires Used In Dentistry

“…corrosion potential, perforation potential or transpassivation potential, repassivation potential and corrosion current density. Stern method was used to determine polarisation resistance [9][10][11][12]. In order to find out physical and chemical characteristics of wire surface, EIS tests were performed.…”

From Waste to Valuable Resource: Lignin as a Sustainable Anti-Corrosion Coating

“…In addition to the economic impact of corrosion, this phenomenon can also potentially pose a risk to health, with related failures ranging from large-scale infrastructure like buildings and bridges, to highly specialized products like metal-based medical implants. For example, even if stainless steel 316L is considered to be corrosion resistant and is thus widely used in architectural [18,19], marine [18,20], and biomedical applications (like intravascular stents [21], joint replacement prostheses [22], dental implants [23]), corrosion can take place when it is exposed to chloride containing solutions [24]. As an example, it has been estimated that 90% of 316L alloy implant failures are as a result of localized corrosion [22], therefore the exposure to physiological environments can result in the release of allergens and/or potentially carcinogenic ions like Cr and Ni into human body [21,22].…”