Smart electronic skin (e‐skin) requires the easy incorporation of multifunctional sensors capable of mimicking skin‐like perception in response to external stimuli. However, efficient and reliable measurement of multiple parameters in a single functional device is limited by the sensor layout and choice of functional materials. The outstanding electrical properties of black phosphorus and laser‐engraved graphene (BP@LEG) demonstrates a new paradigm for a highly sensitive dual‐modal temperature and strain sensor platform to modulate e‐skin sensing functionality. Moreover, the unique hybridized sensor design enables efficient and accurate determination of each parameter without interfering with each other. The cationic polymer passivated BP@LEG composite material on polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) substrate outperforms as a positive temperature coefficient material, exhibiting a high thermal index of 8106 K (25–50 °C) with high strain sensitivity (i.e., gauge factor, GF) of up to 2765 (>19.2%), ultralow strain resolution of 0.023%, and longer durability (>18 400 cycles), satisfying the e‐skin requirements. Looking forward, this technique provides unique opportunities for broader applications, such as e‐skin, robotic appendages, and health monitoring technologies.
Current immunosensors have an insufficient number of binding sites for the recognition of biomolecules, which leads to false positive or negative results. In this research, a facile, cost‐effective, disposable, and highly selective electrochemical immunosensing platform is developed based on cationic polyelectrolyte polyallylamine (PAAMI) anchored laser‐ablated graphene (LAG). Here, for the first time, PAAMI is introduced to stabilize LAG flakes, while retaining the intrinsic thermal and electronic properties of the substrate by noncovalent π–π interaction and electrostatic physical absorption. The sensing platform offers a suitable number of anchoring sites for the immobilized antibodies by providing NH2 functional groups. The proper grafting of PAAMI is confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The immunosensing platform is applied to detect immunoglobulin (IgG) biomarkers as a proof of concept. Under optimized conditions, the sensing platform exhibits a linear range of 0.012–15 and 15–352 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection of 6 pg mL−1 for IgG detection with high selectivity. Based on the analysis, the developed immunosensing platform can be used for point‐of‐care detection of IgG in clinical diagnostic centers. Furthermore, the developed strategy is well suited for the detection of other cancer biomarkers after immobilizing the relevant antibodies.
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